Pertusaria coccodes (Ach.) Nyl.

Mém. Soc. Imp. Sc. Nat. Cherbourg, 5: 116, 1858. Basionym: Lichen coccodes Ach. - Lichenogr. Suec. Prodr.: 10, 1799.
Synonyms: Pertusaria ceuthocarpa Fr.; Pertusaria coccodes f. variolata Harm.; Pertusaria coccodes var. phymatodes (Ach.) Almb.; Pertusaria communis var. coccodes (Ach.) Körb.; Pertusaria phymatodes (Ach.) Erichsen; Pertusaria polycarpiza M. Choisy & Werner
Distribution: N - VG, Frl, Ven (Lazzarin 1997), Lomb (Gheza & al. 2023), Emil (Nimis & al. 1996, Tretiach & al. 2008, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Brunialti & al. 1999, Giordani & al. 2002, Giordani & Incerti 2008). C - Tosc (Loppi & al. 1998, 2002c, Putortì & al. 1998, Loppi & Frati 2006, Benesperi & al. 2007, Putortì & al. 1999, Brunialti & Frati 2010, Loppi & Nascimbene 2010, Frati & Brunialti 2023), Marc (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Umb (Ravera 1998, Ravera & al. 2006), Laz (Ravera 2001, 2002, Massari & Ravera 2002, Zucconi & al. 2013), Abr (Olivieri & al. 1997, 1997b, Loppi & al. 1999, Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Stofer 2006, Corona & al. 2016), Mol (Frati & al. 2004, Caporale & al. 2008, Ravera & al. 2010, Genovesi & Ravera 2014, Brackel 2020), Sar (Zedda 1995, 2002, Rizzi & al. 2011, Cossu 2013, Neuwirth 2018, Di Nuzzo & al. 2022). S - Camp (Aprile & al. 2003, Brunialti & al. 2010, 2013, Ravera & Brunialti 2013), Pugl (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Bas (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Cal (Puntillo 1996, Incerti & Nimis 2006), Si (Grillo & Caniglia 2004, Stofer 2006, Liistro & Cataldo 2011).
Description: Thallus crustose, thin to moderately thick, smooth to slightly verrucose, whitish, pale grey or brownish grey, usually well delimited, sometimes with a pale grey to brown prothallus, covered in abundant isidia. Isidia globose to oval, not restricted at base, simple, rarely cylindrical and branched in shade-forms, to 0.4 mm wide, concolorous with thallus but the apex often darker, fragile and leaving circular scars when shed. Apothecia very rare, perithecioid, 1-1.5 mm diam., immersed into globose warts, the disc punctiform. Asci 2-spored, broadly cylindrical, the apex with a broad ocular chamber, the outer sheath K/I+ blue, otherwise K/I-, with an inner extensible layer, Pertusaria-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, thick-walled, narrowly fusiform, 100-180(-200) x 30-60 µm. Spot tests: thallus K+ yellow slowly turning blood-red, C-, KC-, P+ yellow to orange, UV-. Chemistry: norstictic acid.
Note: a mild-temperate lichen, locally common, especially along the Apennines, mostly on old oaks or beech trees in open situations, with optimum in open oak woodlands, much more rarely on siliceous rocks.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: bark and rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by isidia, or isidia-like structures (e.g. schizidia)
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: rare
Submediterranean belt: very rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: rather rare
Humid mediterranean belt: very rare
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF


P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (22233)
2008.03.03



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (5152)
2001/11/28
detail of isidia



P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (36998)
2008.02.28



P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (22233)
2008.03.03



P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (22233)
2008.03.03



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2002], Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Heidenheim, nördlich von Böhmenkirch im



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2002], Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Heidenheim, nördlich von Böhmenkirch im "Haspelteich", ca. 670 m, Steppenheide, an Fagus 7225 Schumm 24.10.1971


Erichsen C.F.E. 1936. Pertusariaceae. - In: Dr. L. Rabenhorsts Kryptogamenflora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. Bd. IX, Abt. 5, T. 1. Akad. Verlagsges., Leipzig, pp. 321-512, 513-728. - Public Domain


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=303&lang=en
France, Kergoat


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=303&lang=en
France, Kergoat


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=303&lang=en
France, Kergoat


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=303&lang=en
France, Coadry


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=303&lang=en
France, Coadry


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=303&lang=en
France, Coadry


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=303&lang=en
France, Kergoat


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=303&lang=en
France, Scaer


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=303&lang=en
France, Scaer
Reactions after 1 min


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=303&lang=en
France, Scaer
Reactions after 1 min


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=303&lang=en
France, Scaer
Reactions after a few seconds


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=303&lang=en
France, Scaer
Reactions after 1 min


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=303&lang=en
France, Scaer
Reactions after 3 min


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.