Pertusaria coccodes (Ach.) Nyl.

Mém. Soc. Imp. Sc. Nat. Cherbourg, 5: 116, 1858. Basionym: Lichen coccodes Ach. - Lichenogr. Suec. Prodr.: 10, 1799.
Synonyms: Pertusaria ceuthocarpa Fr.; Pertusaria coccodes f. variolata Harm.; Pertusaria coccodes var. phymatodes (Ach.) Almb.; Pertusaria communis var. coccodes (Ach.) Körb.; Pertusaria phymatodes (Ach.) Erichsen; Pertusaria polycarpiza M. Choisy & Werner
Distribution: N - VG, Frl, Ven (Lazzarin 1997), Lomb (Gheza & al. 2023), Emil (Nimis & al. 1996, Tretiach & al. 2008, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Brunialti & al. 1999, Giordani & al. 2002, 2025, Giordani & Incerti 2008). C - Tosc (Loppi & al. 1998, 2002c, Putortì & al. 1998, Loppi & Frati 2006, Benesperi & al. 2007, Putortì & al. 1999, Brunialti & Frati 2010, Loppi & Nascimbene 2010, Frati & Brunialti 2023), Marc (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Umb (Ravera 1998, Ravera & al. 2006), Laz (Ravera 2001, 2002, Massari & Ravera 2002, Zucconi & al. 2013), Abr (Olivieri & al. 1997, 1997b, Loppi & al. 1999, Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Stofer 2006, Corona & al. 2016), Mol (Frati & al. 2004, Caporale & al. 2008, Ravera & al. 2010, Genovesi & Ravera 2014, Brackel 2020), Sar (Zedda 1995, 2002, Rizzi & al. 2011, Cossu 2013, Neuwirth 2018, Di Nuzzo & al. 2022). S - Camp (Aprile & al. 2003, Brunialti & al. 2010, 2013, Ravera & Brunialti 2013), Pugl (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Bas (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Cal (Puntillo 1996, Incerti & Nimis 2006), Si (Grillo & Caniglia 2004, Stofer 2006, Liistro & Cataldo 2011).
Description: Thallus crustose, thin to moderately thick, smooth to slightly verrucose, whitish, pale grey or brownish grey, usually well-delimited, sometimes with a pale grey to brown prothallus, isidiate. Isidia abundant, often clustered, globose to oval, not restricted at base, simple, rarely cylindrical and branched in shade-forms, to 0.4 mm thick, concolorous with thallus but the apex often darker, fragile and leaving circular scars when shed from which, albeit rarely, soredia may originate. Apothecia very rare, perithecioid, 1-1.5 mm diam., immersed into globose warts, the disc punctiform. Asci (1-)2(-4)-spored, broadly cylindrical, the apex with a broad ocular chamber, the outer sheath K/I+ blue, otherwise K/I-, with an inner extensible layer, Pertusaria-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, thick-walled, narrowly fusiform, 100-180(-200) x 30-60 µm. Spot tests: thallus K+ yellow slowly turning blood-red, C-, KC-, P+ yellow to orange, UV-. Chemistry: norstictic and connorstictic acids.
Note: a mild-temperate lichen, locally common, especially along the Apennines, mostly on old oaks or beech trees in open situations, with optimum in open oak woodlands, much more rarely - in western Europe - on siliceous rocks.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: bark and rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by isidia, or isidia-like structures (e.g. schizidia)
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: rare
Submediterranean belt: very rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: rather rare
Humid mediterranean belt: very rare
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF


P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (22233)
2008.03.03



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (5152)
2001/11/28
detail of isidia



P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (36998)
2008.02.28



P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (22233)
2008.03.03



P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (22233)
2008.03.03



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2002], Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Heidenheim, nördlich von Böhmenkirch im



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2002], Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Heidenheim, nördlich von Böhmenkirch im "Haspelteich", ca. 670 m, Steppenheide, an Fagus 7225 Schumm 24.10.1971


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=303&lang=en
France, Kergoat


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=303&lang=en
France, Kergoat


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=303&lang=en
France, Kergoat


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=303&lang=en
France, Coadry


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=303&lang=en
France, Coadry


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=303&lang=en
France, Coadry


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=303&lang=en
France, Kergoat


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=303&lang=en
France, Scaer


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=303&lang=en
France, Scaer
Reactions after 1 min


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=303&lang=en
France, Scaer
Reactions after 1 min


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=303&lang=en
France, Scaer
Reactions after a few seconds


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=303&lang=en
France, Scaer
Reactions after 1 min


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=303&lang=en
France, Scaer
Reactions after 3 min


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[13626], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, südwestlich von Adelberg nahe dem Herrenbachstausee, Buhwiesenweg, an Laubbaum im Mischwald, ca. 48°44'N, 9°33'E, 412 m, TK: 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 08.02.2008. - Sorale K-, C-, KC+ violett, P+ rostrot, UVL+ düster grünlichgelb, UVK



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[13626], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, südwestlich von Adelberg nahe dem Herrenbachstausee, Buhwiesenweg, an Laubbaum im Mischwald, ca. 48°44'N, 9°33'E, 412 m, TK: 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 08.02.2008. - Sorale K-, C-, KC+ violett, P+ rostrot, UVL+ düster grünlichgelb, UVK


Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Grünten Oberallgäu


Erichsen C.F.E. 1936. Pertusariaceae. - In: Dr. L. Rabenhorsts Kryptogamenflora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. Bd. IX, Abt. 5, T. 1. Akad. Verlagsges., Leipzig, pp. 321-512, 513-728. - Public Domain