Pertusaria oculata (Dicks.) Th. Fr.

Lichenogr. Scand., 1: 307, 1871. Basionym: Lichen oculatus Dicks. - Fasc. Pl. Crypt. Brit., 2: 17, 1790.
Synonyms: Lecanidium oculatum (Dicks.) A. Massal.; Lecanora oculata (Dicks.) Ach.
Distribution: N - Frl (Tretiach & Hafellner 2000), TAA (Nascimbene & al. 2022), Lomb, Piem, VA (Piervittori & Isocrono 1999), Emil (Dalle Vedove & al. 2002, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Anzi, Lich. Rar. Lang. Exs. 510: S-F135384).
Description: Thallus crustose, episubstratic, rather thin, continuous, cracked or faintly tuberculate, isidiate, forming regular or irregular, up to 10 cm wide patches, without a distinct prothallus. Non-isidiate parts grey or white-grey. Isidia conspicuous, easily shedding off, concolorous with non-isidiate parts or, more often, tinged pale brown or pale yellow, simple to bifurcately branched, more or less cylindrical throughout or, occasionally, with somewhat swollen apices, 0.3-0.5 mm thick and 1-3 mm tall, often with greyish black apices reacting K+ violet, and N+ violet. Medulla distinct, white. Apothecia rare, lecanorine, up to 2.8 mm across, with a brown to black, epruinose, slightly concave to slightly convex disc and a distinct, smooth or isidiate, finally sometimes excluded thalline margin. Epithecium dark brown to black, K+ violet; hymenium colourless; paraphyses lax, richly branched and anastomosing; hypothecium pale to dark brown. Asci (6-)8-spored, broadly cylindrical, the apex with a broad ocular chamber, the outer sheath K/I+ blue, otherwise K/I-, with an inner extensible layer, Pertusaria-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid to fusiform, (15-)20-28(-31) x (8-)10-14(-16) µm, the wall 1-3(-6) µm thick, smooth. Pycnidia immersed in the apices of the isidia. Conidia short-bacilliform, c. 3.5 x 0.5 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: K+ yellow turning red-brown, C-, KC- or KC+ faintly yellow-red, P+ yellow turning orange-red, UV+ faintly whitish blue. Chemistry: fumarprotocetraric acid (major), protocetraric acid, sometimes gyrophoric acid (traces).
Note: a circumpolar, arctic-alpine lichen found on soil and plant remains on siliceous substrata, mostly above treeline; restricted to the Alps and the Northern Apennines in Italy.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: soil, terricolous mosses, and plant debris
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by isidia, or isidia-like structures (e.g. schizidia)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: rather rare
Subalpine belt: rare
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: absent
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
INDEX FUNGORUM GBIF DOLICHENS


P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 42544



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (1915)
2001/11/28



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 42544



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 42544


Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 42544


Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Greenland, Tugtutoq



Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[VZ1396], Gallia. Haute-Savoie, Chamonix: La Tête de Combasses in proximitate vallis Bérnard, 1400 m. Ad plantas destructas in rupibus siliceis. Leg. J. Asta, 18.8.1975. EX A. VEZDA LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 1396.



Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[VZ1396], Gallia. Haute-Savoie, Chamonix: La Tête de Combasses in proximitate vallis Bérnard, 1400 m. Ad plantas destructas in rupibus siliceis. Leg. J. Asta, 18.8.1975. EX A. VEZDA LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 1396.


Erichsen C.F.E. 1936. Pertusariaceae. - In: Dr. L. Rabenhorsts Kryptogamenflora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. Bd. IX, Abt. 5, T. 1. Akad. Verlagsges., Leipzig, pp. 321-512, 513-728. - Public Domain