ITALIC 8.0

Pertusaria pupillaris (Nyl.) Th. Fr.

Lichenogr. Scand., 1: 305, 1871. Basionym: Lecanora pupillaris Nyl. - Lichenes Scand.: 167, 1861.

Synonyms:

Distribution: N - TAA (Nascimbene 2005, 2014, Nascimbene & al. 2006e, 2008c, 2014, 2022, Thor & Nascimbene 2007, Nascimbene & Marini 2015, Nimis & al. 2015, Trindade & al. 2021). C - Tosc. S - Cal (van den Boom & Giralt 2002).

Description: Thallus crustose, very thin, usually endosubstratic in the esorediate parts, whitish grey to dark grey, continuous, sorediate, forming regular to irregular patches up to a few cm in diam., unzoned and without a distinct prothallus. Soralia whitish or faintly yellow-white, mostly discrete, sometimes concentrically arranged, more or less orbicular and excavate-ulcerose to flat, rarely somewhat convex, to 0.5(-0.8) mm across. Soredia mostly farinose, up to 40 μm in diam., sometimes gathered into larger, rounded to elongate consoredia up to 80 μm in diam. Apothecia rare, lecanorine, immersed in thalline warts, usually 1 per wart, with a brown-black, epruinose disc and a prominent, sometimes sorediate, often finally excluded thalline margin. Epithecium olive-green, K+ violet; hymenium and hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, broadly cylindrical, the apex with a broad ocular chamber, the outer sheath K/I+ blue, otherwise K/I-, with an inner extensible layer, Pertusaria-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 10-14 x 7-11 µm, the wall c. 1 µm thick. Pycnidia convex, the ostiolum blackish, becoming widely gaping, the pigment green, K+ violet. Conidia rod-shaped, 4-6 x c. l μm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: soralia K+ yellowish then dirty brown-red, C-, KC- or KC+ yellow-red, P+ orange-red to rust-red, UV+ faintly whitish blue. Chemistry: fumarprotocetraric acid (major), protocetraric acid (trace).

Note: a temperate to southern boreal-montane, perhaps holarctic lichen found on hard lignum and smooth bark; overlooked, being almost always sterile, and perhaps more widespread, albeit never common, in upland areas of Italy; to be looked for throughout the Alps.

Growth form: Crustose

Substrata: bark and lignum

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)

Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: extremely rare

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: rare

Submediterranean belt: absent

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: absent

Humid mediterranean belt: absent

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

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3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

Index Fungorum GBIF

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04

TSB 39919

Elena Pittao; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

TSB 39919)

Elena Pittao; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

TSB 39919)

Erichsen C.F.E. 1936. Pertusariaceae. - In: Dr. L. Rabenhorsts Kryptogamenflora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. Bd. IX, Abt. 5, T. 1. Akad. Verlagsges., Leipzig, pp. 321-512, 513-728. - Public Domain

Elena Pittao; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

TSB 39919)