Arthonia varians (Davies) Nyl.

Arthonia varians (Davies) Nyl.

Lichenes Scand.: 260, 1861. Basionym: Lichen varians Davies - Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., 2: 284, 1794.

Synonyms: Arhonia glaucomaria Nyl. non Lecidea glaucomaria Nyl.; Celidium sordidum Anzi; Celidium varians (Davies) Arnold

Distribution: N - Frl (Tretiach & Hafellner 2000, Brackel 2016), Ven (Brackel 2016), TAA (Brackel 2016), Lomb (Brackel 2016), Piem (TSB 33690), VA, Emil (Tretiach & al. 2008, Brackel 2016, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Brunialti & al. 1999). C - Tosc (Brackel 2016), Marc (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Umb (Panfili 2000, Ravera & al. 2006), Laz (Brackel 2016), Abr (TSB 24969), Mol (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Brackel 2016, 2020), Sar (Rizzi & al. 2011, Giordani & al. 2013, Brackel 2016). S - Camp (Brackel 2016), Pugl (Brackel 2016), Bas (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Brackel 2016), Cal (Puntillo 1996, Brackel & Puntillo 2016, Brackel 2016), Si (Ottonello & al. 1994, Brackel 2008b, 2008c, 2016).

Description: Thallus inapparent, not lichenized, developing inside the apothecial discs of species of the Glaucomaria rupicola-complex. Apothecia arthonioid, emarginate, blackening the apothecial disc, of the host 0.3-1 mm across, with a flat to slightly convex disc, without a distinct proper margin. Proper exciple poorly developed; epithecium brown to olive-brown, K+ pale green; hymenium colourless, 45-60 μm high, I+ wine-red, K/I+ blue; paraphysoids 1.5-2(-2.5) μm thick, the apical cells with a brown cap, 3-4 μm wide; hypothecium colourless, 10-20 μm high. Asci 8-spored, broadly clavate to subglobose, semi-fissitunicate, with thin lateral walls, with a large, non-amyloid apical dome and a distinct ocular chamber, Arthonia-type, 30-35 x 12-14 µm. Ascospores (1-)3-septate, hyaline, ovoid to narrowly ellipsoid, sometimes subclavate, with subequal cells, (11-)13-18 x 4-7 μm, rather thick-walled, without an epispore. Pycnidia black, round. Conidia: bacilliform, 4-6 x c. 1 µm. Photobiont absent. Spot tests: K-, C-, KC-, P-. Chemistry: without lichen substances.

Note: a holarctic lichenicolous fungus with a wide altitudinal and latitudinal range, occurring throughout the country wherever the hosts are present; it parasitizes the hymenium of species of the Glaucomaria rupicola-complex.

Growth form: Lichenicolous fungus

Substrata: rocks

Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

paras Glaucomaria rupicola s.lat.

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: common

Subalpine belt: very common

Oromediterranean belt: common

Montane belt: rather common

Submediterranean belt: extremely rare

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: rather rare

Humid mediterranean belt: extremely rare

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (34343)
2002/01/07
in the apothecia of the host, Lecanora rupicola

Manilio Prignano; Owner: Manilio Prignano

Italy, Abruzzo, Monti della Laga
2010

Manilio Prignano; Owner: Manilio Prignano

Italy, Abruzzo, Monti della Laga
2010

Manilio Prignano; Owner: Manilio Prignano

Italy, Abruzzo, Monti della Laga
2010

Manilio Prignano; Owner: Manilio Prignano

Italy, Abruzzo, Monti della Laga
2010

Manilio Prignano; Owner: Manilio Prignano

Italy, Abruzzo, Monti della Laga
2010

Manilio Prignano; Owner: Manilio Prignano

Italy, Abruzzo, Monti della Laga
2010

Domenico Puntillo; Owner: Domenico Puntillo

Italy

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php (Courtesy: Anita Stridvall)

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/

Courtesy: Anita Stridvall

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/

Courtesy: Anita Stridvall

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/

Courtesy: Anita Stridvall

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=383&lang=en

France, Crozon

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=383&lang=en

France, Cap de la Chevre

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=383&lang=en

France, Pointe de Dinan

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=383&lang=en

France, Pointe de Dinan

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=383&lang=en

France, Crozon

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=383&lang=en

France, Crozon

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=383&lang=en

France, Crozon

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=383&lang=en

France, Crozon

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=383&lang=en

France, Crozon

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=383&lang=en

France, Crozon

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=383&lang=en

France, Crozon

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=383&lang=en

France, Crozon

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=383&lang=en

France, Crozon

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=383&lang=en

France, Crozon

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