Phlyctis agelaea (Ach.) Flot.

Phlyctis agelaea (Ach.) Flot.

Bot. Zeit., 8: 574, 1850. Basionym: Lichen agelaeus Ach. - Lichenogr. Suec. Prodr.: 30, 1799.

Synonyms: Phlyctis italica Garov.; Phlyctis spilomatica (Schaer.) A. Massal. ?

Distribution: N - VG (Carvalho 1997), Frl, Ven, Lomb (Valcuvia 2002, 2002b, Gheza & al. 2023), Piem, Emil (Benesperi 2009, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Giordani & Incerti 2008). C - Tosc (Tretiach & Nimis 1994, Loppi & al. 1997b, Putortì & al. 1998, Paoli & Loppi 2001, Benesperi & al. 2007, Benesperi 2011), Marc (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Umb (Ravera 1998, Ravera & al. 2006, Panfili 2007), Laz (Bartoli & al. 1997, Ravera 2002, Ravera & al. 2003, Massari & Ravera 2002, Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Ruisi & al. 2005, Stofer 2006, Munzi & al. 2007, Zucconi & al. 2013), Abr (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Stofer 2006, Caporale & al. 2016, Corona & al. 2016), Mol (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Caporale & al. 2008, Ravera & al. 2010, Paoli & al. 2015, Caporale & Ravera 2020), Sar (Zedda 1995, 2002, 2002b, Loi & al. 2000, Vezda Lich. Rar. Exs. 448: Vezda 2000, Zedda & al. 2001, Rizzi & al. 2011, Cossu 2013, Neuwirth 2018, Di Nuzzo & al. 2022). S - Camp (Garofalo & al. 1999, 2010, Ricciardi & al. 2000, Aprile & al. 2003, 2003b, Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Brunialti & al. 2010, 2013, Ravera & Brunialti 2013, Catalano & al. 2016), Pugl (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Bas (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Potenza 2006), Cal (Puntillo 1995, 1996, Puntillo & Puntillo 2004, Incerti & Nimis 2006), Si (Nimis & al. 1994, Grillo & Cristaudo 1995, Merlo 2004, Stofer 2006, Liistro & Cataldo 2011).

Description: Thallus crustose, ecorticate, thinly episubstratic, continuous or more or less cracked or verrucose, white to grey-white, forming up to 5(-12) cm wide patches delimited by a white prothallus. Apothecia deeply immersed, clustered by 2-4 at the center of flattened, irregular, powdery or granular, 0.2-0.5(-1) mm wide warts, which are usually mistaken for soralia; disc concave to flat, brown-grey to reddish brown, but covered by the granular warts; thalline margin white-granular. Proper exciple thin, grey, I+ pale blue, thin, usually obscured by the thalline exciple; epithecium colourless to brownish, strongly granular; hymenium colourless, K/I+ blue; paraphyses simple or sparingly branched in upper part, not capitate, c. 1.5 μm wide at base, c. 2.5 μm at apex; hypothecium pale brown. Asci 2(-4)-spored, broadly clavate, thin-walled, not strongly thickened at apex, the outer wall K/I+ blue, the tholus I+ weakly blue. Ascospores strongly muriform, hyaline to finally yellow-brown, broadly ellipsoid, clearly apiculate, (35-)45-95(-115) x (12-)14-40(-45) µm. Pycnidia immersed, black. Conidia simple, ellipsoid, straight to rarely curved, 6-8 x 3-4 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: K+ yellow then slowly blood-re (needle-like crystals), C-, KC+ reddish, P+ yellow then orange-red, UV-. Chemistry: norstictic acid.

Note: a mild-temperate to Mediterranean lichen found on acid-barked trees (especially Quercus ilex) in slightly sheltered but not very shaded situations; most frequent in Tyrrhenian Italy, much rarer in Northern Italy and along the eastern side of the Peninsula.

Growth form: Crustose

Substrata: bark

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: absent

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: extremely rare

Submediterranean belt: rare

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: rather common

Humid mediterranean belt: common

Dry mediterranean belt: extremely rare

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (11012)
2001/11/28

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (11012)
2001/11/28

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[17975], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, zwischen Nassach und Oberwälden, Waldweg zwischen Stärrerberg und Gaibhalden, 48.75491° N, 9.54289° E, 377 m, an Esche. Leg. Schumm 03.04.2012, det Schumm 2012.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[17975], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, zwischen Nassach und Oberwälden, Waldweg zwischen Stärrerberg und Gaibhalden, 48.75491° N, 9.54289° E, 377 m, an Esche. Leg. Schumm 03.04.2012, det Schumm 2012.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[17975], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, zwischen Nassach und Oberwälden, Waldweg zwischen Stärrerberg und Gaibhalden, 48.75491° N, 9.54289° E, 377 m, an Esche. Leg. Schumm 03.04.2012, det Schumm 2012.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[17975], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, zwischen Nassach und Oberwälden, Waldweg zwischen Stärrerberg und Gaibhalden, 48.75491° N, 9.54289° E, 377 m, an Esche. Leg. Schumm 03.04.2012, det Schumm 2012.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[17975], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, zwischen Nassach und Oberwälden, Waldweg zwischen Stärrerberg und Gaibhalden, 48.75491° N, 9.54289° E, 377 m, an Esche. Leg. Schumm 03.04.2012, det Schumm 2012.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[17975], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, zwischen Nassach und Oberwälden, Waldweg zwischen Stärrerberg und Gaibhalden, 48.75491° N, 9.54289° E, 377 m, an Esche. Leg. Schumm 03.04.2012, det Schumm 2012.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[17975], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, zwischen Nassach und Oberwälden, Waldweg zwischen Stärrerberg und Gaibhalden, 48.75491° N, 9.54289° E, 377 m, an Esche. Leg. Schumm 03.04.2012, det Schumm 2012.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[17975], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, zwischen Nassach und Oberwälden, Waldweg zwischen Stärrerberg und Gaibhalden, 48.75491° N, 9.54289° E, 377 m, an Esche. Leg. Schumm 03.04.2012, det Schumm 2012.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[17975], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, zwischen Nassach und Oberwälden, Waldweg zwischen Stärrerberg und Gaibhalden, 48.75491° N, 9.54289° E, 377 m, an Esche. Leg. Schumm 03.04.2012, det Schumm 2012.

Zahlbruckner A. 1926. Lichenes (Flechten). In: Engler A. (ed.): Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. 2nd ed., vol 8, W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 270 pp.

Manuel Gil

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P_2/Phlyctis_agelaea.htm

France, 2012, session Normandie, gorges du Meillon, Le Vaudobin

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P_2/Phlyctis_agelaea.htm

France, 16/9/2017 - Cortambert - Saône-et-Loire

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P_2/Phlyctis_agelaea.htm

France, 16/9/2017 - Cortambert - Saône-et-Loire

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P_2/Phlyctis_agelaea.htm

France, 16/9/2017 - Cortambert - Saône-et-Loire

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P_2/Phlyctis_agelaea.htm

France, 16/9/2017 - Cortambert - Saône-et-Loire

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=452&lang=en

France, Landevennec

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=452&lang=en

France, Lesteven

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=452&lang=en

France, Lesteven

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=452&lang=en

France, Lesteven

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=452&lang=en

France, St. Julien

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=452&lang=en

France, Tromel

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=452&lang=en

France, Tromel

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=452&lang=en

France, Tromel

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=452&lang=en

France, Tromel

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=452&lang=en

France, Roscanvel

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=452&lang=en

France, Roscanvel

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=452&lang=en

France, Roscanvel

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=452&lang=en

France, Crozon

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=452&lang=en

France, Crozon

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=452&lang=en

France, Crozon

Ulrich Kirschbaum

Portugal: Madeira. corticolous in Laurisilva

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