Polycauliona candelaria (L.) Frödén, Arup & Søchting
in Arup & al., Nord. J. Bot, 31: 51, 2013. Basionym: Lichen candelarius L. - Sp. Pl., 1141, 1753.
Synonyms: Lecanora candelaria (L.) Ach.; Massjukiella candelaria; Parmelia parietina var. candelaria (L.) Spreng.; Physcia candelaria (F.H. Wigg.) Anzi; Physcia controversa A. Massal.; Physcia lychnea (Ach.) Nyl.; Placodium candelarium F.H. Wigg.; Xanthoria candelaria (L.) Th. Fr.; Xanthoria controversa (A. Massal.) Rabenh.; Xanthoria lychnea (Ach.) Th. Fr. non auct. p.p.; Xanthoria lychnea var. perfusa (Nyl.) H. Olivier; Xanthoria lychnea var. pygmaea (Bory) Th. Fr.
Distribution: N - Frl, Ven (Nascimbene & Caniglia 1997, 2003c, Caniglia & al. 1999, Nascimbene 2008c), TAA (Nascimbene & Caniglia 2000b, Nascimbene & al. 2005, 2006, 2008c, 2022, Nascimbene 2008b, 2014, 2014c, Zarabska & al. 2009, Nascimbene & Marini 2015, Trindade & al. 2021), Lomb (Arosio & al. 2003, Nascimbene & al. 2006e, Furlanetto 2010), Piem (Caniglia & al. 1992, Morisi & Sereno 1995, Arosio & al. 1998, Piervittori 1998, Isocrono & al. 2004, 2007, Furlanetto 2010), VA (Piervittori & Isocrono 1999, Piervittori 2003, Matteucci & al. 2008, 2008c, , Lich. Ital. Exs. 70: Isocrono & al. 2022), Emil (Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Brunialti & al. 1999, Giordani & al. 2002b, Brunialti & Giordani 2003). C - Tosc (Brackel 2015, Frati & Brunialti 2023), Umb (Ravera 2000, Brackel 2015), Laz (Brackel 2015), Abr (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Sar (Zedda 2002). S - Cal (TSB 11003).
Description: Thallus foliose to subfruticose, yellow-orange to orange, forming small, up to 2(-3) cm wide cushions which often fuse into extensive colonies. Lobes erect, flattened but at least partially subterete, 0.2-0.5 mm wide (the tips slightly thinner), often wrinkled, the lobe tips and the lower side with 25-35 µm wide blastidia often aggregated into (40-)45-70(-110) µm wide conblastidia. Lower surface white to yellow, somewhat wrinkled, usually without hapters and rhizines. Cortex paraplectenchymatous; medulla white. Apothecia rare, lecanorine, stipitate, subterminal, up to 4 mm across, with an orange disc and a blastidiate, fonaly sometimes excluded thalline margin. Thalline exciple paraplectenchymatous; epithecium orange-brown, c. 10 µm high, K+ red; hymenium colourless, 60-90 µm high; paraphyses simple or sparingly branched; hypothecium colourless to pale brown, 25-70 µm high. Asci 8-spored, clavate, functionally unitunicate, apically thickened with a broad internal beak, the inner part of apex and external cap I+ blue, Teloschistes-type. Ascospores 2-celled, polarilocular, hyaline, ellipsoid, 11-15 x 4.5-7(-8) µm, the equatorial thickening (“septum”) 3-6 µm. Pycnidia common, immersed, concolorous with upper surface or slightly darker orange. Conidia ellipsoid, 2.3-3 x 1-1.5 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus, apothecia and blastidia K+ dark red, C-, KC-, P-, UV+ intensely orange-red. Chemistry: parietin (major), fallacinal, emodin, teloschistin and parietinic acid, corresponding to chemosyndrome A of Søchting (1997).Note: both on bark and on rock, sometimes also on lignum, in well-lit, eutrophicated situations; certainly not common in Italy, being restricted to upland areas with a subcontinental climate (continental Alpine valleys, eastern Apennines, etc.). The old record from Campania cited by Nimis (1993: 761) could be due to confusion with other species, and is not accepted here.
Growth form: Foliose, narrow lobed
Substrata: bark and rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Subcontinental: restricted to areas with a dry-subcontinental climate (e.g. dry Alpine valleys, parts of Mediterranean Italy)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: very rare
Subalpine belt: rather rare
Oromediterranean belt: very rare
Montane belt: rare
Submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: extremely rare
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent
Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Leif Stridvall - Courtesy: Anita Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/
holotype
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (14182)
2001/12/03
Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
Herbarium: TSB 10689
Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
Herbarium: TSB 10689
Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
Herbarium: TSB 10689
Leif Stridvall - Courtesy: Anita Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/
holotype
Helena Rodriguez
Spain, Galicia, Peña Trevinca
06.2019
Leif Stridvall - Courtesy: Anita Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/
Leif Stridvall - Courtesy: Anita Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php
Helena Rodriguez
Spain, Galicia, Peña Trevinca
Helena Rodriguez
Spain, Galicia, Peña Trevinca
Giulio Pandeli
Italy, Emilia Romagna, Modena
Giulio Pandeli
Italy, Emilia Romagna, Modena
Giulio Pandeli
Italy, Emilia Romagna, Modena
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P_5/Polycauliona_candelaria.htm
France, session AFL 2005 - Finistère
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P_5/Polycauliona_candelaria.htm
France, session AFL 2014 dans le Lot
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P_5/Polycauliona_candelaria.htm
France, session AFL 2014 dans le Lot
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P_5/Polycauliona_candelaria.htm
France, session AFL 2014 dans le Lot
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=767&lang=en
France, Roc'h Trédudon
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=767&lang=en
France, Roc'h Trédudon
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=767&lang=en
France, Hanvec
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=767&lang=en
France, Gouezec
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=767&lang=en
France, Gouezec
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=767&lang=en
France, Gouezec
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=767&lang=en
France, Gouezec
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=767&lang=en
France, Roc'h Trevezel
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=767&lang=en
France, Roc'h Trevezel
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=767&lang=en
France, Roc'h Trevezel
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=767&lang=en
France, Roche du Feu
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=767&lang=en
France, Roche du Feu
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=767&lang=en
France, Hanvec
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe.
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Asturias
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Asturias
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Asturias
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Asturias
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Asturias
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Asturias
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Asturias
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Asturias
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Asturias
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[14916], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Alb-Donaukreis,
nördlich von Westerheim, Straßenbäume (meist Ahorn),
48,52485° N, 9,62333° E, 830 m. Leg. F. Schumm 24.05.2009.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[14916], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Alb-Donaukreis,
nördlich von Westerheim, Straßenbäume (meist Ahorn),
48,52485° N, 9,62333° E, 830 m. Leg. F. Schumm 24.05.2009.
Growth form: Foliose, narrow lobed
Substrata: bark and rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Subcontinental: restricted to areas with a dry-subcontinental climate (e.g. dry Alpine valleys, parts of Mediterranean Italy)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: very rare
Subalpine belt: rather rare
Oromediterranean belt: very rare
Montane belt: rare
Submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: extremely rare
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent
Predictive model
| Herbarium samples |
Index Fungorum
GBIF
Leif Stridvall - Courtesy: Anita Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/
holotype
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (14182)
2001/12/03
Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
Herbarium: TSB 10689
Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
Herbarium: TSB 10689
Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
Herbarium: TSB 10689
Leif Stridvall - Courtesy: Anita Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/
holotype
Helena Rodriguez
Spain, Galicia, Peña Trevinca
06.2019
Leif Stridvall - Courtesy: Anita Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/
Leif Stridvall - Courtesy: Anita Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php
Helena Rodriguez
Spain, Galicia, Peña Trevinca
Helena Rodriguez
Spain, Galicia, Peña Trevinca
Giulio Pandeli
Italy, Emilia Romagna, Modena
Giulio Pandeli
Italy, Emilia Romagna, Modena
Giulio Pandeli
Italy, Emilia Romagna, Modena
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P_5/Polycauliona_candelaria.htm
France, session AFL 2005 - Finistère
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P_5/Polycauliona_candelaria.htm
France, session AFL 2014 dans le Lot
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P_5/Polycauliona_candelaria.htm
France, session AFL 2014 dans le Lot
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P_5/Polycauliona_candelaria.htm
France, session AFL 2014 dans le Lot
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=767&lang=en
France, Roc'h Trédudon
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=767&lang=en
France, Roc'h Trédudon
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=767&lang=en
France, Hanvec
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=767&lang=en
France, Gouezec
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=767&lang=en
France, Gouezec
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=767&lang=en
France, Gouezec
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=767&lang=en
France, Gouezec
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=767&lang=en
France, Roc'h Trevezel
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=767&lang=en
France, Roc'h Trevezel
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=767&lang=en
France, Roc'h Trevezel
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=767&lang=en
France, Roche du Feu
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=767&lang=en
France, Roche du Feu
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=767&lang=en
France, Hanvec
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe.
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Asturias
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Asturias
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Asturias
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Asturias
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Asturias
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Asturias
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Asturias
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Asturias
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Asturias
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[14916], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Alb-Donaukreis, nördlich von Westerheim, Straßenbäume (meist Ahorn), 48,52485° N, 9,62333° E, 830 m. Leg. F. Schumm 24.05.2009.
