Protopannaria pezizoides (Weber) P.M. Jørg. & S. Ekman

in Jørgensen, Bryologist, 103: 699, 2001. Basionym: Lichen pezizoides Weber - Spicil. Fl. Goett.: 200, 1778.
Synonyms: Lecanora brunnea (Sw.) Ach.; Lecanora pezizoides (Weber) Borrer; Lichen badius J.F. Gmel.; Lichen brunneus Sw.; Pannaria brunnea (Sw.) A. Massal.; Pannaria brunnea var. demissa Th. Fr.; Pannaria pezizoides (Weber) Trevis.; Pannaria pezizoides f. pseudonebulosa Gyeln.
Distribution: N - Frl (Tretiach & Hafellner 2000, Tretiach & Molaro 2007), Ven (Nimis 1994, Nascimbene 2002, 2008c, Nascimbene & Caniglia 2003c, Nascimbene 2011), TAA (Nascimbene 2005b, 2008b, Nascimbene & al. 2006, 2022, Bilovitz & al. 2014b, Watson 2014), Lomb, Piem (Isocrono & al. 2003, 2004, Morisi 2005), VA (Borlandelli & al. 1996, Piervittori & Isocrono 1997, 1999), Emil (Tretiach & al. 2008, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig. C - Tosc (Benesperi & al. 2007), Marc, Umb (Ravera & Di Toma 2003, Ravera & al. 2006), Laz (Herb. Ravera 4884), Abr (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Sar. S - Camp (Garofalo & al. 2010), Bas (Brackel 2011), Cal (Puntillo 1995, 1996, Puntillo & Puntillo 2024).
Description: Thallus small-squamulose to crustose, up to 200 µm thick, pale bluish grey, ochraceous, or reddish brown in sun-forms, bluish-green to blackish when moist, thick, forming dense, up to 8 cm wide, often cushion-like patches. Squamules 0.2(-1) mm wide, crenate to lobulate, flattened, contiguous to usually imbricate, when young developing on a poorly visible, blue-black hypothallus, closely adpressed to the substratum to form a compact crust; lower surface pale. Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous, 40-50 µm thick; medulla white, intricately plectenchymatous, 20-40 µm thick, merging into the hypothallus in loer part; lower cortex absent. Apothecia frequent and usually very abundant, lecanorine, sessile, up to 2.5 mm across, with an orange-brown to dark brown, flat to slightly convex disc, and a thick, granular to verruculose thalline margin. Thalline exciple pseudoparenchymatous in outer part, the inner part with densely packed photobiont cells; proper exciple thin, pale, more or less pseudoparenchymatous; epithecium brownish; hymenium colourless, 95-150 µm high, I+ dark blue; paraphyses simple, septate, slightly swollen at apices; hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical-clavate, without internal amyloid structures, but with a I+ deep blue external cap. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, somewhat pointed at both ends, thick-walled, with a ridged and warted epispore, measuring 19-25 x 8-10 µm without epispore, 25-30 x 9-12 µm with epispore. Photobiont cyanobacterial (Nostoc the cells in clusters). Spot tests: cortex and medulla K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV-. Chemistry: without lichen substances.
Note: an arctic-alpine to boreal-montane, circumpolar lichen found on mosses, plant debris, and organic soil in open habitats, with optimum near and above treeline; most common in the Alps, but occurring, albeit more rarely, throughout the Apennines. Previously often confused with Psoroma hypnorum, which has a green photobiont and often concave apothecial discs.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: soil, terricolous mosses, and plant debris
Photobiont: cyanobacteria, filamentous (e.g. Nostoc, Scytonema)
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: common
Subalpine belt: very common
Oromediterranean belt: very rare
Montane belt: very rare
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF


Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3


Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[20319], Austria, Salzburg, Eastern Alpls, High Tauern, Pinzgau Region (= Zell am See District), High Tauern National Park, Venediger Group, valley of the brook Obersulzbach, path to Berndlalm, 47°11'44'' N, 12°15'33''E, 1280 m, on bryophytes above gneissic rocks in shady and humid conditions. Leg. R. Türk (55424), F. Berger & E. Zimmermann, 26.06.2015, det. R. Türk. LICHENOTHECA GRAECENSIS NR. 472.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[20319], Austria, Salzburg, Eastern Alpls, High Tauern, Pinzgau Region (= Zell am See District), High Tauern National Park, Venediger Group, valley of the brook Obersulzbach, path to Berndlalm, 47°11'44'' N, 12°15'33''E, 1280 m, on bryophytes above gneissic rocks in shady and humid conditions. Leg. R. Türk (55424), F. Berger & E. Zimmermann, 26.06.2015, det. R. Türk. LICHENOTHECA GRAECENSIS NR. 472.


Mark Rahill - CC BY-SA 4.0
USA



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 37953



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 37953



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 37953



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 43943


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P/Protopannaria_pezizoides.htm
France, Haute-Savoie 2010


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P/Protopannaria_pezizoides.htm
France, Haute-Savoie 2010


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P/Protopannaria_pezizoides.htm
France, Haute-Savoie 2010


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Austria: Alps. (Collected by F. Richter).


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Austria: Alps. (Collected by F. Richter).