Protoparmeliopsis bolcana (Pollini) Lumbsch

in Gasparyan & al., Herzogia, 2016 (in press). Basionym: Lecidea bolcana Pollini - Giorn. Fis. Chim. St. Nat. Pavia, 9: 178, 1816.
Synonyms: Lecanora bolcana (Pollini) Poelt; Lecanora diffracta auct. ital. p.p.; Lecanora muralis subsp. bolcana (Pollini) Clauzade & Cl. Roux
Distribution: N - Ven, TAA (Ravera & al. 2021b, Nascimbene & al. 2022), Lomb (Valcuvia & Delucchi 2001, Valcuvia & al. 2003, De Vita & Valcuvia 2004, Delucchi & Valcuvia 2004), Piem (Morisi & Sereno 1995, Morisi 2005), Emil (Valcuvia & Delucchi 2001, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig. C - Tosc (Pišút 1997, Tretiach & al. 2008, Brackel 2015), Laz, Mol (Garofalo & al. 1999, Caporale & al. 2008), Sar (Nöske 2000, Rizzi & al. 2011, Giordani & al. 2013, Cossu & al. 2015, Brackel & Berger 2019). S - Camp (Garofalo & al. 1999, Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Catalano & al. 2016), Pugl (Garofalo & al. 1999), Bas (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Cal (Puntillo 1996, Scarciglia & al. 2012, 2012b), Si (Poli & al. 1995, Nimis & al. 1996b, Grillo & al. 1996, Schicchi & al. 1997, Grillo 1998, Poli & Grillo 2000, Grillo & Caniglia 2004, Merlo 2004b, Brackel 2008b, 2008c, Campisi & al. 2020).
Description: Thallus crustose-placodioid, episubstratic, yellowish green, closely attached, areolate in central parts, forming 5-20 cm wide, irregular rosettes, the central areoles 0.5-1.5 mm wide and up to 5 mm long, flattened to weakly convex, with a distinct black margin, the marginal lobes contiguous, to 5 mm long, flat to slightly convex, often with a black margin. Upper cortex c. 25 mm thick, overlain by an epinecral layer; medulla white, rather loose. Apothecia sparse, lecanorine, long remaining immersed in the thallus, finally broadly sessile, 0.5-4 mm across, irregular in outline, with a flat to slightly convex, pale to dark brown, epruinose disc and a smooth or strongly crenulate to lobulate, often black-spotted thalline margin. Epithecium orange-brown, with granular crystals not dissolving in K; hymenium colourless, 60-70 mm high, I+ blue; paraphyses mainly simple or sparingly branched in upper part, the apical cells not strongly swollen; hypothecium colourless, with large crystals. Asci 8-spored, elongate-clavate, very thin-walled, with a K/I+ blue, tall tholus penetrated by a faintly amyloid apical cushion, the wall K/I-, surrounded by a K/I+ blue outer layer, Lecanora-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, 8-15 x 4-7 µm. Conidia filiform. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus K- or K+ very pale yellow, C-, KC+ pale yellow, P- or P+ pale yellow. Chemistry: cortex with usnic acid, medulla with zeorin.
Note: ecologically similar to P. muralis, but more restricted to natural habitats, on less basic substrata, and with optimum in the Mediterranean belt. Records from high altitudes in the Alps likely refer to P. muralis var. diffracta.
Growth form: Crustose placodiomorph
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: very rare
Montane belt: absent
Submediterranean belt: very rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: rather common
Humid mediterranean belt: common
Dry mediterranean belt: rather common

pH of the substrata:

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(info)

Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
INDEX FUNGORUM GBIF DOLICHENS


Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 35100



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 10251



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 10251



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 10251



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 10251



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 10251



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (11634)
2001/12/08


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=960&lang=en
Italy, Sardinia


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=960&lang=en
Italy, Sardinia


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=960&lang=en
Italy, Sardinia


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=960&lang=en
Italy, Sardinia


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=960&lang=en
Italy, Sardinia


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=960&lang=en
France, Corse, Piana


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=960&lang=en
France, Corse, Piana


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=960&lang=en
France, Corse, Piana


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=960&lang=en
France, Corse, Piana


Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Braña del Puerto de la Mesa (Somiedo-Asturias), 24-X-2021, sobre rocas silíceas, junto a Acarospora veronensis y Aspicilia viridescens, ERD-9163.


Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Braña del Puerto de la Mesa (Somiedo-Asturias), 24-X-2021, sobre rocas silíceas, junto a Acarospora veronensis y Aspicilia viridescens, ERD-9163.


Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Braña del Puerto de la Mesa (Somiedo-Asturias), 24-X-2021, sobre rocas silíceas, junto a Acarospora veronensis y Aspicilia viridescens, ERD-9163.


Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Braña del Puerto de la Mesa (Somiedo-Asturias), 24-X-2021, sobre rocas silíceas, junto a Acarospora veronensis y Aspicilia viridescens, ERD-9163.


Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Braña del Puerto de la Mesa (Somiedo-Asturias), 24-X-2021, sobre rocas silíceas, junto a Acarospora veronensis y Aspicilia viridescens, ERD-9163.


Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Braña del Puerto de la Mesa (Somiedo-Asturias), 24-X-2021, sobre rocas silíceas, junto a Acarospora veronensis y Aspicilia viridescens, ERD-9163.


Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Italy, Sicily


Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, Lecidea Bolcana Pollin!! L. in op. Bolca
as Placodium saxicolum diffractum