Pyrrhospora quernea (Dicks.) Körb.

Syst. Lich. Germ.: 209, 1855. Basionym: Lichen querneus Dicks. - Fasc. Crypt. Brit., 1: 9, 1875.
Synonyms: Biatora quernea (Dicks.) Fr.; Lecidea quernea (Dicks.) Ach.; Protoblastenia quernea (Dicks.) Clauzade
Distribution: N - Frl, Ven (Ravera & al. 2022), Lomb, Piem (Matteucci & al. 2010). C - Tosc (Putortì & Loppi 1999, Benesperi & al. 2013), Marc, Umb (Ravera 2000, Ravera & al. 2006), Laz (Massari & Ravera 2002), Sar (Hafellner 1993b, Zedda 2002, 2002b, Zedda & Sipman 2001, Rizzi & al. 2011, Di Nuzzo & al. 2022). S - Camp (Catalano & al. 2012), Pugl (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Durini & Medagli 2004), Bas (Puntillo & al. 2012), Cal (Puntillo 1995, 1996, Incerti & Nimis 2006), Si (Nimis & al. 1994, Grillo & Caniglia 2004, Caniglia & Grillo 2006b, Liistro & Cataldo 2011, Ottonello & al. 2011).
Description: Thallus crustose, episubstratic, rather thick, straw-coloured, dull sulphur yellow or yellowish brown, greenish yellow in shade-forms, sometimes with a reddish brown tint, continuous to cracked, often entirely dissolved into a sorediose crust, when well-developed forming large patches delimited by a black prothallus. Soredia diffuse, pale yellow to yellowish brown, granular, c. 0.15 mm across, sometimes gathered in rounded, up to 0.5 mm wide consoredia. Apothecia biatorine, sessile, rusty red to dark red-brown, sometimes finally blackening, 0.3-1(-1.5) mm across, with an initially flat but soon strongly convex disc, and an entire or undulate, soon excluded proper margin. Proper exciple poorly developed, of conglutinated, thick-walled, radially oriented hyphae; epithecium inspersed with reddish brown granules, K+ dissolving purple; hymenium colourless, c. 50 µm high, K/I+ blue; paraphyses coherent, simple or sparingly branched in upper part, submoniliform, hardly swollen at tips; hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, broadly clavate, with a well developed, amyloid tholus containing an ocular chamber and a broad axial mass, Lecanora-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline (turning brownish when old), short-ellipsoid to ellipsoid, 7-14 x 5-8 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus K- or K+ very pale yellow, C+ and KC+ orange, P- or P+ weakly yellow, UV+ orange. Chemistry: thallus with isoarthothelin (major), thiophanic and thiophaninic acids (minor), plus different xanthones; apothecia with 7-chloroemodin.
Note: a mainly Mediterranean-Atlantic species found on bark, sometimes on lignum, abundant in humid coastal-Mediterranean, mostly Tyrrhenian sites, where it is often fertile, much rarer elsewhere; also occurring, albeit rarely - and then mostly sterile - in the Insubrian District of Lombardy and in lowland areas of Friuli, Veneto and Piemonte; probably extinct in Friuli and Veneto.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: absent
Submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: rather common
Humid mediterranean belt: common
Dry mediterranean belt: very rare

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php



P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (38336)
2008.02.25



P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (38336)
2008.02.25



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[10656], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel: An der Straße von Ribeira Grande zum Lagoa do Fogo an der Abzweigung nach Deira Velha, 37°47.057' N, 25°30.051' W, 330 m.Leg. Schumm 02.06.2003



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[10794], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel, Südufer des Lagoa das Furnas, 270 m, 37°45.022' N, 25°19.807' W. Leg. Schumm 03.06.2003.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[10794], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel, Südufer des Lagoa das Furnas, 270 m, 37°45.022' N, 25°19.807' W. Leg. Schumm 03.06.2003.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[10794], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel, Südufer des Lagoa das Furnas, 270 m, 37°45.022' N, 25°19.807' W. Leg. Schumm 03.06.2003.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[10794], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel, Südufer des Lagoa das Furnas, 270 m, 37°45.022' N, 25°19.807' W. Leg. Schumm 03.06.2003.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[10794], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel, Südufer des Lagoa das Furnas, 270 m, 37°45.022' N, 25°19.807' W. Leg. Schumm 03.06.2003.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[10794], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel, Südufer des Lagoa das Furnas, 270 m, 37°45.022' N, 25°19.807' W. Leg. Schumm 03.06.2003.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[11204], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel, SO-Ufer des Lagoa Azul, 37°51.307' N, 25°47.060' W, 280 m, an Laubbaumrinden. Leg. Schumm 06.06.2003, det Schumm.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[11204], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel, SO-Ufer des Lagoa Azul, 37°51.307' N, 25°47.060' W, 280 m, an Laubbaumrinden. Leg. Schumm 06.06.2003, det Schumm.



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 38366



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[11204], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel, SO-Ufer des Lagoa Azul, 37°51.307' N, 25°47.060' W, 280 m, an Laubbaumrinden. Leg. Schumm 06.06.2003, det Schumm.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[11204], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel, SO-Ufer des Lagoa Azul, 37°51.307' N, 25°47.060' W, 280 m, an Laubbaumrinden. Leg. Schumm 06.06.2003, det Schumm.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[11204], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel, SO-Ufer des Lagoa Azul, 37°51.307' N, 25°47.060' W, 280 m, an Laubbaumrinden. Leg. Schumm 06.06.2003, det Schumm.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[11204], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel, SO-Ufer des Lagoa Azul, 37°51.307' N, 25°47.060' W, 280 m, an Laubbaumrinden. Leg. Schumm 06.06.2003, det Schumm.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[11204], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel, SO-Ufer des Lagoa Azul, 37°51.307' N, 25°47.060' W, 280 m, an Laubbaumrinden. Leg. Schumm 06.06.2003, det Schumm.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[11204], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel, SO-Ufer des Lagoa Azul, 37°51.307' N, 25°47.060' W, 280 m, an Laubbaumrinden. Leg. Schumm 06.06.2003, det Schumm.


Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife


Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P/Pyrrhospora_quernea.htm
France, 15/03/2014 - île de Cavallo - Corse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P/Pyrrhospora_quernea.htm
France, 15/03/2014 - île de Cavallo - Corse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P/Pyrrhospora_quernea.htm
France, 15/03/2014 - île de Cavallo - Corse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Text_P/Pyrrhospora_quernea.htm
France, 15/03/2014 - île de Cavallo - Corse


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=533&lang=en
France, Forêt du Cranou


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=533&lang=en
France, Brennilis


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=533&lang=en
France, Brennilis


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=533&lang=en
France, Rostrenen


Joel Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=533&lang=en
France, Brennilis


Joel Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=533&lang=en
France, Brennilis