Rhizocarpon lavatum (Fr.) Hazsl.

A Magyar Birod. Zuzmò-Flòraja: 206, 1884. Basionym: Lecidea atroalba var. lavata Fr. - Nov. Sched. Crit.: 18, 1827.
Synonyms: Lecidea lavata Ach.; Lecidea perluta Nyl.; Rhizocarpon confervoides auct p.p. non DC.; Rhizocarpon obscuratum f. lavatum (Fr.) Th. Fr.; Rhizocarpon orphninum (Vain.) Vain.; Rhizocarpon perlutum (Nyl.) Zahlbr. non auct.; Rhizocarpon pseudorivulare Eitner; Rhizocarpon subcoeruleum Eitner
Distribution: N - Frl (Tretiach & Hafellner 2000), TAA (Dalle Vedove & al. 2003, Nascimbene & al. 2007b, 2022), Lomb, Piem (TSB 33830), VA (Isocrono & al. 2008, Favero-Longo & Piervittori 2009), Emil (Tretiach & al. 2008, Fariselli & al. 2020). S - Cal (Puntillo & Puntillo 2004, Puntillo 2011).
Description: Thallus crustose, episubstratic, grey, pale ochre-brown or rust-brown, smooth, rimose, irregularly cracked or areolate, with an indistinct prothallus, forming patches to 12 cm in diam. Areoles to 0.4 (-1) mm wide, contiguous, angular, more or less flat. Medulla white, I-. Apothecia lecideine, 0.8-1.6 mm across, immersed in the thallus or slightly protruding, dark brown to black, epruinose, round or irregular due to mutual compression, with a weakly concave to weakly convex, sometimes umbonate disc, and a thick, persistent proper margin. Exciple dark brown in outer part, paler within, K-; epithecium olive-green to greenish-brown, sometimes patchily K+ red or K-; hymenium colourless to pale brown, 110-200 µm high; paraphysoids conglutinated, branched and anastomosing, hardly swollen at apex; hypothecium dark red-brown, K-. Asci 8-spored, clavate to cylindrical-clavate, fissitunicate, with a well-developed tholus, lacking an ocular chamber, Rhizocarpon-type. Ascospores muriform, with 6-7 transverse septa and 1-2 longitudinal septa, with (8-)10-14(-18) cells in optical view, long remaining hyaline (older spores sometimes pale brown), 30-42 x 14-18 μm, surrounded by a gelatinous sheath. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: cortex and medulla K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV-. Chemistry: no lichen substances in thallus.
Note: a cool-temperate to arctic-alpine, circumpolar lichen found on perennially humid siliceous rocks, e.g. in mountain rivulets, or on small pebbles on moist ground; related to Rh. obscuratum. According to Fryday (2000) the type of Rh. obscuratum is identical to that of Rh. lavatum, but the two species are different.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Periodically submerged (e.g. in creeks)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: rather rare
Subalpine belt: rare
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: very rare
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF

Leif Stridvall http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (33262)
2001/12/10



Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige



Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Adamello-Brenta, sorgente c/o Malga Val di Fumo 1853m
2006



Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Adamello-Brenta, sorgente c/o Malga Val di Fumo 1853m
2006



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 34347


Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=499&lang=en
France, Brennilis


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=499&lang=en
France, Brennilis


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=499&lang=en
France, Brennilis


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=499&lang=en
France, Brennilis


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=499&lang=en
France, Brennilis


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=499&lang=en
France, Brennilis


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=499&lang=en
France, Ardennes


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=499&lang=en
France, Saint Herbot


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=499&lang=en
France, Saint Herbot


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=499&lang=en
France, Saint Herbot


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=499&lang=en
France, Saint Herbot