Rinodina confragosa (Ach.) Körb.

Syst. Lich. Germ.: 125, 1855. Basionym: Parmelia confragosa Ach. - Meth. Lich.: 33, 1803.
Synonyms: Lecanora atra var. confragosa (Ach.) Ach.; Lecanora caesiella Flörke ex Spreng.; Lecanora confragosa (Ach.) Röhl.; Lecanora confragosa var. exterior Nyl.; Lecanora confragosa var. extrusa Vain.; Rinodina aggregata Bagl.; Rinodina caesiella (Flörke) Körb.; Rinodina caesiella var. aggregata (Bagl.) Arnold; Rinodina confragosa var. dispersa Räsänen; Rinodina confragosa var. exterior (Nyl.) H. Olivier; Rinodina confragosa var. extrusa (Vain.) H. Olivier; Rinodina crassescens (Nyl.) Arnold; Rinodina firma (Nyl.) Arnold; Rinodina metabolica var. saxicola Anzi; Rinodina romeana Müll. Arg.; Rinodina samothrakiana Szatala
Distribution: N - Ven, TAA, Lomb (De Vita & Valcuvia 2004), Piem (Isocrono & al. 2004), Emil (Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig. C - Tosc, Laz, Sar (Rizzi & al. 2011, Giordani & al. 2013). S - Camp (Ricciardi & al. 2000), Pugl, Cal (Puntillo 1996), Si (Grillo & al. 1996, Ottonello & Romano 1997, Grillo 1998, Grillo & Caniglia 2004, Iacolino & Ottonello 2006, Brackel 2008c, Ottonello & al. 2011).
Description: Thallus crustose, episubstratic, rather thick, verrucose-areolate to almost subsquamulose, sometimes delimited by a dark prothallus. Areoles to c. 0.7 mm wide, light whitish, pale grey to ochre-coloured, dull, sometimes subumbilicate. Cortex distinct, I+ faintly blue. Apothecia lecanorine, usually crowded, 0.5-1.5 mm across, with a black, flat to slightly convex disc, and a persistent or partly excluded, smooth to crenulate thalline margin; a raised, black parathecial ring is sometimes present. Thalline exciple 80-90 µm wide laterally, corticate; proper exciple colourless, 5-10 µm wide laterally, expanding to 15-25 µm at periphery; epithecium red-brown, K-; hymenium colourless, 80-90(-110) µm high, I+ blue; paraphyses mot strongly coherent, 1.5-2(-3) µm thick at mid-level, the apical cells 3.5-5 µm wide, immersed in a dispersed pigment; hypothecium colourless, (60-)100-150(-200) µm high, I+ blue. Asci 8-spored, clavate, the K/I+ blue tholus penetrated by a faintly amyloid apical cushion with parallel or diverging flanks, the wall K/I-, surrounded by a K/I+ blue outer layer, Lecanora-type. Ascospores 1-septate, brown, ellipsoid, 16-27 x 8-13 µm, thickened at apex, the wall ornamented, Physcia-type, with spore ontogeny of type A (apical wall thickening after septum formation). Pycnidia black, immersed. Conidia bacilliform, 3.5-5.5 x 1-1.5 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: cortex K+ yellow, C-, KC-, P- or P+ faintly yellow. Chemistry: cortex with atranorin and chloroatranorin, medulla with variable amounts of zeorin.
Note: a cool-temperate to boreal-montane, circumpolar lichen found on vertical or rain-sheltered surfaces of hard siliceous rocks protected from rain, exceptionally reaching beyond treeline in dry-warm areas; the species is chemically variable.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: extremely rare
Subalpine belt: rare
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: rather rare
Submediterranean belt: very rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: very rare
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
INDEX FUNGORUM GBIF DOLICHENS


P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 10466



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (35200)
2002/07/09


Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php


Harrie Sipman - Source: https://archive.bgbm.org/sipman/Zschackia/AegeanLichens/Rinodina.htm


Harrie Sipman - Source: https://archive.bgbm.org/sipman/Zschackia/AegeanLichens/Rinodina.htm



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (10466)
2001/11/29


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_R/Textes_R/Rinodina_confragosa.htm
France, 5/10/2014 - Tonnara Stagnolu, rochers du littoral, alt. 20 m - Corse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_R/Textes_R/Rinodina_confragosa.htm
France, 5/10/2014 - Tonnara Stagnolu, rochers du littoral, alt. 20 m - Corse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_R/Textes_R/Rinodina_confragosa.htm
France, 5/10/2014 - Tonnara Stagnolu, rochers du littoral, alt. 20 m - Corse


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=167&lang=en
France, Pointe d'Armorique


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=167&lang=en
France, Pointe d'Armorique


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=167&lang=en
France, Pointe d'Armorique


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=167&lang=en
France, Pointe d'Armorique


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=167&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=167&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=167&lang=en
France, Commana


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=167&lang=en
France, Commana


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=167&lang=en
France, Pointe d'Armorique


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=167&lang=en
France, Yeu la Croix


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=167&lang=en
France, Yeu la Croix


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=167&lang=en
France, Yeu la Croix


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=167&lang=en
France, Yeu la Croix



Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[VZ2219], Italia. Sardinia. Prov. Nuoro: Barbagia Seulo, M. Arbu, secus viam inter stationem viae ferreae S. Girolamo et casam forestalem, 950 m. Ad saxa schistosa. Leg. A. Vezda, 16.7.1987. EX A. VEZDA LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2219.



Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[VZ2219], Italia. Sardinia. Prov. Nuoro: Barbagia Seulo, M. Arbu, secus viam inter stationem viae ferreae S. Girolamo et casam forestalem, 950 m. Ad saxa schistosa. Leg. A. Vezda, 16.7.1987. EX A. VEZDA LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2219.


Source: Giralt M. & Barbero M. (1995) Mycotaxon 46: 45-80