Rinodina confragosa (Ach.) Körb.

Syst. Lich. Germ.: 125, 1855. Basionym: Parmelia confragosa Ach. - Meth. Lich.: 33, 1803.
Synonyms: Lecanora atra var. confragosa (Ach.) Ach.; Lecanora caesiella Flörke ex Spreng.; Lecanora confragosa (Ach.) Röhl.; Lecanora confragosa var. exterior Nyl.; Lecanora confragosa var. extrusa Vain.; Rinodina aggregata Bagl.; Rinodina caesiella (Flörke) Körb.; Rinodina caesiella var. aggregata (Bagl.) Arnold; Rinodina confragosa var. dispersa Räsänen; Rinodina confragosa var. exterior (Nyl.) H. Olivier; Rinodina confragosa var. extrusa (Vain.) H. Olivier; Rinodina crassescens (Nyl.) Arnold; Rinodina firma (Nyl.) Arnold; Rinodina metabolica var. saxicola Anzi; Rinodina romeana Müll. Arg.; Rinodina samothrakiana Szatala
Distribution: N - Ven, TAA, Lomb (De Vita & Valcuvia 2004), Piem (Isocrono & al. 2004), Emil (Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig. C - Tosc, Laz, Sar (Rizzi & al. 2011, Giordani & al. 2013). S - Camp (Ricciardi & al. 2000), Pugl, Cal (Puntillo 1996), Si (Grillo & al. 1996, Ottonello & Romano 1997, Grillo 1998, Grillo & Caniglia 2004, Iacolino & Ottonello 2006, Brackel 2008c, Ottonello & al. 2011).
Description: Thallus crustose, episubstratic, rather thick, verrucose-areolate to almost subsquamulose, sometimes delimited by a dark prothallus. Areoles to c. 0.7 mm wide, light whitish, pale grey to ochre-coloured, dull, corticate, sometimes subumbilicate. Apothecia lecanorine, usually crowded, 0.7-1.5 mm across, with a black, flat to slightly convex disc, and a persistent or partly excluded, smooth to crenulate thalline margin; excipular ring sometimes present, raised. Thalline exciple 80-90 µm wide laterally, corticate; proper exciple colourless, 5-10 µm wide laterally, expanding to 15-25 µm at periphery; epithecium red-brown; hymenium colourless, 80-90 µm high; paraphyses 1.5-2(-3) µm thick in middle part, not conglutinate, the apices to 3.5-5 µm, immersed in a dispersed pigment; hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, clavate, the K/I+ blue tholus penetrated by a faintly amyloid apical cushion with parallel or diverging flanks, the wall K/I-, surrounded by a K/I+ blue outer layer, Lecanora-type. Ascospores 1-septate, brown, ellipsoid, 17-27 x 8-13 µm, thickened at apex, the wall ornamented, Physcia-type, with spore ontogeny of type A (apical wall thickening after septum formation). Pycnidia immersed. Conidia bacilliform, 3.5-5.5 x 1-1.5 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: cortex K+ yellow, C-, KC-, P- or P+ faint yellow. Chemistry: atranorin in cortex, zeorin in medulla.
Note: a cool-temperate to boreal-montane, circumpolar lichen found on vertical or rain-sheltered surfaces of hard siliceous rocks protected from rain, exceptionally reaching beyond treeline in dry-warm areas; the species is chemically variable.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: extremely rare
Subalpine belt: rare
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: rather rare
Submediterranean belt: very rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: very rare
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF


P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 10466



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (35200)
2002/07/09


Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php


Harrie Sipman - Source: https://archive.bgbm.org/sipman/Zschackia/AegeanLichens/Rinodina.htm


Harrie Sipman - Source: https://archive.bgbm.org/sipman/Zschackia/AegeanLichens/Rinodina.htm



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (10466)
2001/11/29


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_R/Textes_R/Rinodina_confragosa.htm
France, 5/10/2014 - Tonnara Stagnolu, rochers du littoral, alt. 20 m - Corse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_R/Textes_R/Rinodina_confragosa.htm
France, 5/10/2014 - Tonnara Stagnolu, rochers du littoral, alt. 20 m - Corse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_R/Textes_R/Rinodina_confragosa.htm
France, 5/10/2014 - Tonnara Stagnolu, rochers du littoral, alt. 20 m - Corse


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=167&lang=en
France, Pointe d'Armorique


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=167&lang=en
France, Pointe d'Armorique


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=167&lang=en
France, Pointe d'Armorique


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=167&lang=en
France, Pointe d'Armorique


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=167&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=167&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=167&lang=en
France, Commana


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=167&lang=en
France, Commana


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=167&lang=en
France, Pointe d'Armorique


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=167&lang=en
France, Yeu la Croix


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=167&lang=en
France, Yeu la Croix


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=167&lang=en
France, Yeu la Croix


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=167&lang=en
France, Yeu la Croix