Scytinium fragrans (Sm.) Otálora, P.M. Jørg. & Wedin

Fungal Divers., 64, 1: 290, 2013. Basionym: Lichen fragrans Sm. in Smith & Sowerby - Engl. Bot., 27: tab. 1912, 1808.
Synonyms: Collema capnichroum A. Massal.; Collema fragrans (Sm.) Ach.; Collema microphyllum Ach. nom. illegit.; Collema terrulentum Nyl.; Leptogium fragrans (Sm.) Leight.; Leptogium microphyllum (Gray) Leight.; Parmelia crispa var. prasina (Hoffm.) Ach.
Distribution: N - VG, Ven (Lazzarin 2000b), TAA (Nascimbene & al. 2007b), Lomb (Rivellini 1994), Piem, Emil (Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Giordani & Incerti 2008). C - Tosc (Frati & al. 2006b), Marc, Umb (Ravera 1998, Ravera & al. 2006), Laz, Abr, Mol (Caporale & al. 2008, Paoli & al. 2015), Sar (Zedda 2002). S - Camp (Ravera & Brunialti 2013), Bas (Potenza & al. 2014), Si (Ravera & al. 2023).
Description: Thallus small-foliose to subsquamulose, homoiomerous, slightly gelatinous when wet, forming neat, more or less stellate, to 0.5 cm wide rosettes or small pillows, but individual thalli often crowded and covering larger surfaces, the lobes 0.3-1.5(-2) mm wide, up to 400 µm thick when wet, more or less channelled, not swollen, often crenate, adpressed or ascending, dark olive-green to blackish, sometimes with globose, isidia-like papillae or flattened lobules along the margins and on upper surface. Thallus ecorticate, or with a fragmentary, poorly developed pseudocortex, especially on the lower surface. Apothecia common, lecanorine, crowded in the centre of thallus, 0.4-0.7 mm across, at first immersed, then sessile and constricted at base, with a concave to flat disc, a thin to moderately thick, sometimes papillose thalline margin and a paler parathecial ring. Thalline exciple ecorticate or partly pseudocorticate; proper exciple euparaplectenchymatous; epithecium brownish; hymenium colourless, 80-110 µm high, I+ blue; paraphyses simple or sparingly branched, 1-1.5 µm thick at mid-level, progressively widening towards the apex; hypothecium yellowish. Asci (4-)8-spored, cylindrical-clavate, the apex strongly thickened, the apical dome K/I+ pale blue, with a downwardly projecting K/I+ deep blue tubular structure. Ascospores submuriform to muriform, with 2-5 transverse septa and 2-5 longitudinal septa, hyaline, oval or ellipsoid, 16-30 x 8.5-17 µm. Pycnidia frequent, globose. Conidia short-bacilliform, slightly swollen at both ends, 4-6 x c. 1 µm. Photobiont cyanobacterial (Nostoc, the cells in long chains). Spot tests: all negative. Chemistry: without lichen substances.
Note: a mild-temperate lichen found on bark in open but mature, humid, broad-leaved woodlands; presently extremely rare or extinct in Northern Italy (the recent record from Lombardy requires confirmation), and most frequent in Tyrrhenian Italy.
Growth form: Foliose, narrow lobed
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: cyanobacteria, filamentous (e.g. Nostoc, Scytonema)
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: extremely rare
Submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: rare
Humid mediterranean belt: very rare
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

12345

(info)

Solar irradiation:

12345

(info)

Aridity:

12345

(info)

Eutrophication:

12345

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0123

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

123456

(info)


Predictive model
Herbarium samples
INDEX FUNGORUM GBIF DOLICHENS


Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[VZ2232], Hispania. Prov. Lérida: Riu del Pendís, Col de Pendís, 1300 m. Supra corticem trunci Populi nigrae. Leg. N. L. Hladun (nr.1538), 22.07.1987. - EX A. V ZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2232.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[VZ2232], Hispania. Prov. Lérida: Riu del Pendís, Col de Pendís, 1300 m. Supra corticem trunci Populi nigrae. Leg. N. L. Hladun (nr.1538), 22.07.1987. - EX A. V ZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2232.



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (11486)
2001/12/04



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (11486)
2001/12/04


Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, Ad Aceris truncos in oppido Tregnago prov. Veron. 1855
as Collema microphyllum


Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, in op. Tregnago
as Collema microphyllum


Zahlbruckner A. 1926. Lichenes (Flechten). In: Engler A. (ed.): Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. 2nd ed., vol 8, W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 270 pp.


Degelius G. 1954. The lichen genus Collema in Europe: Morphology, Taxonomy, Ecology. Symbolae Bot. Upsal. 13, 2: 1-499.