Solenopsora holophaea (Mont.) Samp.

Broteria, ser. bot., 19: 26, 1921. Basionym: Parmelia holophaea Mont. in Webb & Berthelot - Hist. des Iles Canaries, 3, 2, 4, 51: 113, 1840.
Synonyms: Lecania holophaea (Mont.) A.L. Sm.; Lecania requienii (A. Massal.) Zahlbr.; Lecanora holophaea (Mont.) Nyl.; Massalongia requienii (A. Massal.) Jatta; Pannaria holophaea (Mont.) B. de Lesd.; Solenopsora requienii A. Massal.; Thalloidima holophaeum (Mont.) Arnold
Distribution: N - Lig (Guttová & al. 2014, 2019, Watson 2014, Senko & al. 2024). C - Tosc (Guttová & al. 2019, Ravera & al. 2019a, Senko & al. 2024), Sar (Lazzarin 2000b, Kantvilas 2004, Guttová & al. 2014, 2019, Senko & al. 2024). S - Camp, Cal (Puntillo 1996), Si (Nimis & al. 1996b, Ottonello & al. 2011, Guttová & al. 2019, Senko & al. 2024).
Description: Thallus squamulose, olive-green to olive-brown, epruinose, rather glossy. Squamules 1-3(-4) mm wide, rounded, concave to flat, contiguous or imbricate, with entire to crenulate or flexuose, raised margins; lower surface somewhat paler, attached by sparse, mostly centrally located, pale rhizines. Upper cortex of anticlinally oriented, gelatinized hyphae; medulla white; lower cortex absent. Apothecia lecanorine, 0.5-1.5 mm across, sessile to shortly stipitate, with a dark brown to blackish, flat disc, and a smooth, finally sometimes excluded thalline margin. Epithecium reddish brown; hymenium colourless or pale reddish brown, 50-60 µm high, I+ blue; paraphyses coherent, the apical cells swollen and brown-capped; hypothecium colourless or very pale brown, 130-140 µm high. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical-clavate, with a K/I+ blue outer coat and a K/I+ uniformly blue apical dome, approaching the Catillaria-type. Ascospores 1-septate, hyaline, ellipsoid-elongate to slightly fusiform, 11-18(-24) x (3-)4-6(-7) µm. Pycnidia globose, immersed, the wall dark brown in upper part, colourless in lower part. Conidia simple, hyaline, short-bacilliform. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: cortex and medulla K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV-. Chemistry: terpenoids, unidentified substances.
Note: a Mediterranean-Atlantic lichen found in sheltered crevices of basic siliceous rocks and on soil, especially along the coast; exclusively Tyrrhenian in Italy. Certainly not related to other species of Solenopsora (but the synonym S. requienii is the type species of the genus!).
Growth form: Squamulose
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)
Taxon bound to maritime-coastal situations

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: absent
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: rare
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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(info)

Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF


Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (4766)
2001/11/30



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (4766)
2001/11/30


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Galicia


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Galicia


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Galicia


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Galicia


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Galicia


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Solenopsora_holophaea.htm
France, 24/10/2016 - en bordure de mer, Conca - Corse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Solenopsora_holophaea.htm
France, 24/10/2016 - en bordure de mer, Conca - Corse


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=958&lang=en
France, Port Merrien


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=958&lang=en
France, Port Merrien


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=958&lang=en
France, Port Merrien


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=958&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=958&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=958&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=958&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=958&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=958&lang=en
France, Port Merrien


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=958&lang=en
France, Pointe de Pen-Hir


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=958&lang=en
France, Pointe de Pen-Hir


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=958&lang=en
France, Pointe de Pen-Hir


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=958&lang=en
France, Rostellec


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=958&lang=en
France, Veryach


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=958&lang=en
France, Veryach


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=958&lang=en
France, Veryach


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=958&lang=en
France, Landevennec


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=958&lang=en
France, Landevennec


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=958&lang=en
France, Crozon


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=958&lang=en
France, Crozon


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=958&lang=en
France, Beg ar Mineou


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=958&lang=en
France, Beg ar Mineou


Ulrich Kirschbaum
Spain; Canary Islands: La Palma, La Gomera.


Ulrich Kirschbaum
Spain; Canary Islands: La Palma, La Gomera.