Solorina crocea (L.) Ach.

K. Vetensk. Akad. Nya Handl., 29: 228, 1808. Basionym: Lichen croceus L. - Sp. Pl., 2: 1149, 1753.
Synonyms: Peltidea crocea (L.) Ach.; Peltigera crocea (L.) Hoffm.; Solorina crocea var. complicata Anzi
Distribution: N - Frl (Tretiach & Hafellner 2000), Ven, TAA (Lang 2009, Bilovitz & al. 2014, Nascimbene & al. 2022), Lomb (Rivellini 1994, Dalle Vedove & al. 2004, Gheza 2017, 2019b), Piem (Isocrono & Falletti 1999, Isocrono & al. 2003, 2004, Isocrono & Piervittori 2008, Cirlincione & al. 2022), VA (Borlandelli & al. 1996, Piervittori & Isocrono 1997, 1999, Valcuvia 2000, Piervittori & al. 2004), Emil (Tomaselli 1991, Dalle Vedove & al. 2002, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig.
Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous, dorsiventral, forming up to 15 cm wide rosettes Lobes large, to 30 mm wide (usually less), rounded, flat to concave with up-turned, wavy margins, the upper surface smooth to usually scabrid, ashy to reddish brown when dry, olive-green when wet, sometimes densely white-reticulated, the lower surface bright orange, with brownish-orange, branched veins and yellow to orange interspaces, more or less tomentose, with black rhizines. Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous; photobiont layer divided into an upper part with green algae and a lower part (internal cephalodia) with Nostoc; medulla bright orange; lower cortex absent. Apothecia frequent, rounded, without a thalline margin, semi-immersed in the thallus, up to 12 mm across, with a brown to black disc, emarginate. Proper exciple poorly developed; epithecium brownish; hymenium and hypothecium colourless; paraphyses coherent, not anastomosing, simple, the apical cells hardly swollen. Asci (6-)8-spored, clavate, fissitunicate, the apex of the endoascus with a K/I+ blue ring-shaped structure, Peltigera-type. Ascospores 1-septate, not constricted at septa, brown, oblong-ellipsoid, 30-55 x 9-14 μm, the wall ornamented with round papillae. Photobiont chlorococcoid (Coccomyxa) in thallus, Nostoc in the internal cephalodia. Spot tests: upper cortex K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV-; medulla and lower surface K+ purple. Chemistry: medulla with solorinic and neosolorinic acids.
Note: an arctic-alpine, circumpolar lichen found on acid mineral soil with a long snow-lie, mostly above treeline, reaching the nival belt in the Alps; restricted to the Alps and the Northern Apennines in Italy.
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: soil, terricolous mosses, and plant debris
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: common
Subalpine belt: rather rare
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: absent
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (20917)
2001/12/11



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (20917)
2001/12/11
upper surface



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (20917)
2001/12/11
lower surface



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (20917)
2001/12/11
apothecium


Giancarlo Medici; Owner: Giancarlo Medici
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Bolzano, Sesto, M. Elmo; altitude: 1900 m
2010


Giancarlo Medici; Owner: Giancarlo Medici
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Bolzano, Sesto, M. Elmo; altitude: 1900 m
2010


Helena Rodriguez
Spain


Helena Rodriguez
Spain


Helena Rodriguez
Spain



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 37403



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
TSB 37402


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Solorina_crocea.htm
France, 7/9/2014 - Mont Cenis - Savoie


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1337&lang=en
France, Maurienne


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1337&lang=en
France, Maurienne


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1337&lang=en
France, Maurienne


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1337&lang=en
France, Maurienne


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1337&lang=en
France, Maurienne


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1337&lang=en
France, Maurienne


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1337&lang=en
France, Maurienne


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1337&lang=en
France, Maurienne


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1337&lang=en
France, Maurienne


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1337&lang=en
France, Maurienne