Solorina spongiosa (Ach.) Anzi

Solorina spongiosa (Ach.) Anzi

Lich. Lang., 2: 46, 1861. Basionym: Collema spongiosum Ach. - Lichenogr. Univ.: 661, 1810.

Synonyms: Solorina saccata var. spongiosa (Ach.) Nyl.

Distribution: N - Frl (Tretiach & Molaro 2007), Ven (Caniglia & al. 1999, Nascimbene & Caniglia 2003c, Nascimbene & Marini 2007, Brackel 2013), TAA (Nascimbene 2003, 2008b, Nascimbene & al. 2005, 2006, 2022, Brackel 2013), Lomb, Piem, VA (Piervittori & Isocrono 1999).

Description: Thallus foliose to subcrustose, poorly developed, often reduced to a continuous or lacerate, 0.5-1 mm wide collar around the apothecia, sitting on a dark layer of coralloid to nodulose, partially external cephalodia containing Nostoc, which become subgelatinous when wet. Upper surface of the green thallus pale grey, often white pruinose, bright green when wet; lower surface white, tomentose. Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous; medulla white; lower cortex absent; cephalodia ecorticate. Apothecia frequent, without a thalline margin, semi-immersed, to 10(-15) mm across, with a brown to black, urceolate disc, without a thalline margin. Proper exciple poorly developed; epithecium brownish, hymenium colourless, 160-200 µm high; paraphyses coherent, not anastomosing, simple, the apical cells hardly swollen; hypothecium colourless. Asci (2-)4-spored clavate, fissitunicate, the apex of the endoascus with a K/I+ blue ring-shaped structure, Peltigera-type. Ascospores 1-septate, constricted at septa, brown, ellipsoid, (25-)30-55 x 18-28 μm, with a thick, ornamented wall with deep angular pits. Photobiont chlorococcoid (Coccomyxa) in the thalline rim of apothecia, and Nostoc in the cephalodia. Spot tests: upper cortex and medulla K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV-. Chemistry: without lichen substances.

Note: an arctic-alpine, circumpolar lichen found on moist calciferous soil near and above treeline, reaching the nival belt in the Alps; widespread and locally common in the Alps, especially in the alpine belt, the species should be looked for also on the highest peaks of the Central Apennines.

Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed

Substrata: soil, terricolous mosses, and plant debris

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia (primary); cyanobacteria, filamentous (e.g. Nostoc, Scytonema) (secundary, e.g. in cephalodia)

Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: common

Subalpine belt: very rare

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: absent

Submediterranean belt: absent

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: absent

Humid mediterranean belt: absent

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (33101)
2001/12/11

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[5653], Österreich, Osttirol, Glocknergruppe, Ködnitztal bei Kals, zwischen Lucknerhaus und Lucknerhütte und geringfügig weiter, ca. 2120 m, Wegböschung, TK: 9841. Leg. F. Schumm (Blam-Exkusrion) 04.09.1998, det. F. Schumm.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[5653], Österreich, Osttirol, Glocknergruppe, Ködnitztal bei Kals, zwischen Lucknerhaus und Lucknerhütte und geringfügig weiter, ca. 2120 m, Wegböschung, TK: 9841. Leg. F. Schumm (Blam-Exkusrion) 04.09.1998, det. F. Schumm.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[5653], Österreich, Osttirol, Glocknergruppe, Ködnitztal bei Kals, zwischen Lucknerhaus und Lucknerhütte und geringfügig weiter, ca. 2120 m, Wegböschung, TK: 9841. Leg. F. Schumm (Blam-Exkusrion) 04.09.1998, det. F. Schumm.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[5653], Österreich, Osttirol, Glocknergruppe, Ködnitztal bei Kals, zwischen Lucknerhaus und Lucknerhütte und geringfügig weiter, ca. 2120 m, Wegböschung, TK: 9841. Leg. F. Schumm (Blam-Exkusrion) 04.09.1998, det. F. Schumm.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[5653], Österreich, Osttirol, Glocknergruppe, Ködnitztal bei Kals, zwischen Lucknerhaus und Lucknerhütte und geringfügig weiter, ca. 2120 m, Wegböschung, TK: 9841. Leg. F. Schumm (Blam-Exkusrion) 04.09.1998, det. F. Schumm.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[5653], Österreich, Osttirol, Glocknergruppe, Ködnitztal bei Kals, zwischen Lucknerhaus und Lucknerhütte und geringfügig weiter, ca. 2120 m, Wegböschung, TK: 9841. Leg. F. Schumm (Blam-Exkusrion) 04.09.1998, det. F. Schumm.

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Solorina_spongiosa.htm

France, parmi les mousses sur rocher - 2200 m - août 2012 - Haute-Savoie

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Solorina_spongiosa.htm

France, parmi les mousses sur rocher - 2200 m - août 2012 - Haute-Savoie

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Solorina_spongiosa.htm

France, parmi les mousses sur rocher - 2200 m - août 2012 - Haute-Savoie

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Solorina_spongiosa.htm

France, parmi les mousses sur rocher - 2200 m - août 2012 - Haute-Savoie

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Solorina_spongiosa.htm

France, parmi les mousses sur rocher - 2200 m - août 2012 - Haute-Savoie

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Solorina_spongiosa.htm

France, parmi les mousses sur rocher - 2200 m - août 2012 - Haute-Savoie

Jacques Haine - Source:http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1339&lang=en

France, Mont Cenis

Jacques Haine - Source:http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1339&lang=en

France, Mont Cenis

Jacques Haine - Source:http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1339&lang=en

France, Mont Cenis

Jacques Haine - Source:http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1339&lang=en

France, Mont Cenis

Jacques Haine - Source:http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1339&lang=en

France, Mont Cenis

Jacques Haine - Source:http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1339&lang=en

France, Mont Cenis

Jacques Haine - Source:http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1339&lang=en

France, Mont Cenis

Jacques Haine - Source:http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1339&lang=en

France, Mont Cenis

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