Stereocaulon alpinum Laurer

in Funck, Crypt. Gewächse, 33: 6, 1827.
Synonyms: Stereocaulon alpinum var. erectum Frey; Stereocaulon paschale var. alpinum (Laurer) Mudd; Stereocaulon tomentosum var. alpinum (Laurer) Th. Fr.
Distribution: N - Frl (Tretiach & Hafellner 2000), Ven, TAA (Bilovitz & al. 2014, 2014b, Oset 2015, Nascimbene & al. 2022), Lomb (Rivellini 1994, Rivellini & Valcuvia 1996, Dalle Vedove & al. 2004, Lich. Ital. Exs. 65: Isocrono & al. 2022), Piem (Isocrono & al. 2003, 2004, 2006, Morisi 2005, Isocrono & Piervittori 2008, Watson 2014), VA (Borlandelli & al. 1996, Piervittori & Isocrono 1997, Valcuvia 2000, Piervittori & al. 2004, Isocrono & al. 2008).
Description: Primary thallus crustose, granular-warted, ephemeral, usually absent in mature individuals, secondary thallus fruticose, forming low, flat cushions. Pseudopodetia rather firmly attached, elongate, prostrate to mostly ascending, 1-4 cm tall, 0.5-1(-2) mm thick at base, sparingly branched, terete, dorsiventral, with a solid cartilaginous axis of parallel hyphae surrounded by a lax medulla and with a pale pink tomentum especially on the lower surface. Phyllocladia crowded towards the apices of pseudopodetia, whitish-grey, at first granuliform or united, then somehow flattened and minutely lobed, to 0.5 mm broad. Cephalodia scarce, mainly on the lower side of pseudopodetia, globose, 0.3-0.8 mm across, pale purple or bluish green, with Nostoc, scarcely visible because often embedded in the tomentum. Apothecia rare, without a thalline margin, terminal, with a dark brown, convex disc and a thin, indistinct proper margin. Proper exciple brown in outer part, colourless within; epithecium brown, K-; hymenium colourless; paraphyses simple, 1.7-2.0 µm thick, the apical cells capitate, 3-4 µm wide, with a dark cap; hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical-clavate, with a K/I+ blue outer layer and apical dome, and a central, K/I+ darker blue tube, Porpidia-type. Ascospores mainly 3-septate, hyaline, cylindrical with one end narrower, 27-38 x 2.5-3 µm. Pycnidia dark, immersed. Conidia bacilliform, straight. Main photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: K+ yellow, C-, KC- or KC+ violet (reaction often difficult to observe macroscopically, best evident on acetone extract on filter paper!), P+ faintly yellow, UV+ blue-white. Chemistry: atranorin and lobaric acid.
Note: an arctic-alpine, circumpolar early coloniser of mineral soil, especially gravel and sand in the vicinity of glaciers, probably restricted to the Alps in Italy, where it can reach the nival belt. The record from Mt. Etna by Di Martino & Stancanelli (2015) appears as dubious to me.
Growth form: Fruticose

Substrata: soil, terricolous mosses, and plant debris
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia (primary); cyanobacteria, filamentous (e.g. Nostoc, Scytonema) (secundary, e.g. in cephalodia)
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Pioneer species

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: rare
Subalpine belt: rare
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: absent
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples

Einar Timdal - Source: http://nhm2.uio.no/lav/web/index.html - CC BY-NC



Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Stelvio National Park, Reg. Trentino-Alto Adige Prov. Trento, Italy.
07.2005



Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Stelvio National Park, Reg. Trentino-Alto Adige Prov. Trento, Italy.
07.2005



Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Stelvio National Park, Reg. Trentino-Alto Adige Prov. Trento, Italy.
07.2005


Helena Rodriguez
Spain, Galicia, Peña Trevinca
06.2019


Frey E. 1933. Cladoniaceae (unter Ausschluß ded Gattung Cladonia) und Umbilicariaceae. In: Rabenhrst’s Kryptogamenflora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. 15: 1-208.


Frey E. 1933. Cladoniaceae (unter Ausschluß ded Gattung Cladonia) und Umbilicariaceae. In: Rabenhrst’s Kryptogamenflora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. 15: 1-208.


Einar Timdal - Source: http://nhm2.uio.no/lav/web/index.html - CC BY-NC



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 7149


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S/Stereocaulon_alpinum.htm
France, 14/9/2015 - Flaines, les grandes platières - Haute-Savoie


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S/Stereocaulon_alpinum.htm
France, 14/9/2015 - Flaines, les grandes platières - Haute-Savoie


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S/Stereocaulon_alpinum.htm
France, 14/9/2015 - Flaines, les grandes platières - Haute-Savoie


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S/Stereocaulon_alpinum.htm
France, 14/9/2015 - Flaines, les grandes platières - Haute-Savoie


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S/Stereocaulon_alpinum.htm
France, 14/9/2015 - Flaines, les grandes platières - Haute-Savoie


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S/Stereocaulon_alpinum.htm
France, 14/9/2015 - Flaines, les grandes platières - Haute-Savoie



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2757], Schweiz, Oberaar, Zingenstock, Südhang, großer Wang, innerhalb der 1860 Moräne des Oberaargletschers, ca. 2320 m. Leg. F. Schumm 24.08.1979 (BLAM-Exkursion), det. F. Schumm 1979.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2757], Schweiz, Oberaar, Zingenstock, Südhang, großer Wang, innerhalb der 1860 Moräne des Oberaargletschers, ca. 2320 m. Leg. F. Schumm 24.08.1979 (BLAM-Exkursion), det. F. Schumm 1979.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2757], Schweiz, Oberaar, Zingenstock, Südhang, großer Wang, innerhalb der 1860 Moräne des Oberaargletschers, ca. 2320 m. Leg. F. Schumm 24.08.1979 (BLAM-Exkursion), det. F. Schumm 1979.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2757], Schweiz, Oberaar, Zingenstock, Südhang, großer Wang, innerhalb der 1860 Moräne des Oberaargletschers, ca. 2320 m. Leg. F. Schumm 24.08.1979 (BLAM-Exkursion), det. F. Schumm 1979.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2757], Schweiz, Oberaar, Zingenstock, Südhang, großer Wang, innerhalb der 1860 Moräne des Oberaargletschers, ca. 2320 m. Leg. F. Schumm 24.08.1979 (BLAM-Exkursion), det. F. Schumm 1979.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2757], Schweiz, Oberaar, Zingenstock, Südhang, großer Wang, innerhalb der 1860 Moräne des Oberaargletschers, ca. 2320 m. Leg. F. Schumm 24.08.1979 (BLAM-Exkursion), det. F. Schumm 1979.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2757], Schweiz, Oberaar, Zingenstock, Südhang, großer Wang, innerhalb der 1860 Moräne des Oberaargletschers, ca. 2320 m. Leg. F. Schumm 24.08.1979 (BLAM-Exkursion), det. F. Schumm 1979.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2757], Schweiz, Oberaar, Zingenstock, Südhang, großer Wang, innerhalb der 1860 Moräne des Oberaargletschers, ca. 2320 m. Leg. F. Schumm 24.08.1979 (BLAM-Exkursion), det. F. Schumm 1979.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2757], Schweiz, Oberaar, Zingenstock, Südhang, großer Wang, innerhalb der 1860 Moräne des Oberaargletschers, ca. 2320 m. Leg. F. Schumm 24.08.1979 (BLAM-Exkursion), det. F. Schumm 1979.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2757], Schweiz, Oberaar, Zingenstock, Südhang, großer Wang, innerhalb der 1860 Moräne des Oberaargletschers, ca. 2320 m. Leg. F. Schumm 24.08.1979 (BLAM-Exkursion), det. F. Schumm 1979.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2757], Schweiz, Oberaar, Zingenstock, Südhang, großer Wang, innerhalb der 1860 Moräne des Oberaargletschers, ca. 2320 m. Leg. F. Schumm 24.08.1979 (BLAM-Exkursion), det. F. Schumm 1979.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2757], Schweiz, Oberaar, Zingenstock, Südhang, großer Wang, innerhalb der 1860 Moräne des Oberaargletschers, ca. 2320 m. Leg. F. Schumm 24.08.1979 (BLAM-Exkursion), det. F. Schumm 1979.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2757], Schweiz, Oberaar, Zingenstock, Südhang, großer Wang, innerhalb der 1860 Moräne des Oberaargletschers, ca. 2320 m. Leg. F. Schumm 24.08.1979 (BLAM-Exkursion), det. F. Schumm 1979.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[21073], Austria, Kärnten (=Carinthia), Eastern Alps, Styrian Fringe Mountains (=Steirisches Randgebirge), Koralpe, 11 km southeast of the centre of Wolfsberg, 380 m west-southwest of the summit of "Großer Speikkogel", path from Koralpenhaus in direction to Krakaberg, siliceous boulders, on ground amongst Calluna vulgaris. Leg. H. Mayrhofer (nr. 21898), 24.09.2020, det. H. Mayrhofer, 2020. TLC: Atranorin, lobaric acid, fatty acid (bourgeanic acid ?). Ex: OBERMAYER W.: DUPLA CRAECANSIA LICHENUM NR. 1274.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[21073], Austria, Kärnten (=Carinthia), Eastern Alps, Styrian Fringe Mountains (=Steirisches Randgebirge), Koralpe, 11 km southeast of the centre of Wolfsberg, 380 m west-southwest of the summit of "Großer Speikkogel", path from Koralpenhaus in direction to Krakaberg, siliceous boulders, on ground amongst Calluna vulgaris. Leg. H. Mayrhofer (nr. 21898), 24.09.2020, det. H. Mayrhofer, 2020. TLC: Atranorin, lobaric acid, fatty acid (bourgeanic acid ?). Ex: OBERMAYER W.: DUPLA CRAECANSIA LICHENUM NR. 1274.