Stereocaulon vesuvianum Pers. var. vesuvianum

Ann. Wetter. Gesellsch. Ges. Naturk., 2: 19, 1811.
Synonyms:
Distribution: N - TAA (Nascimbene & al. 2022), Lomb (Rivellini & Valcuvia 1996), Piem (Isocrono & al. 2004, Gheza & Nascimbene 2024). C - Tosc, Sar. S - Camp (Adamo 1997, Adamo & al. 1997, 2003, 2004, Ricciardi & al. 2000, Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Aprile & al. 2002, 2005, Spribille & al. 2010, Conti & al. 2014, Catalano & al. 2016), Cal (Puntillo 1996, Puntillo & Puntillo 2004), Si (Czeczuga & al. 1994, 1999, Adamo & al. 2000, Poli & al. 1995, Grasso & al. 1999, Poli & Grillo 2000, Merlo & Mazzola 2001, Aprile & al. 2005, Merlo 2007, Brackel 2008b, 2008c, Ottonello & al. 2011, Vingiani & al. 2012, Watson 2014, Di Martino & Stancanelli 2015).
Description: Primary thallus crustose, ephemeral, usually absent in mature individuals, secondary thallus fruticose, forming pillows or extended mats on the rock. Pseudopodetia 1-4(-7) cm tall, firmly attached, erect to decumbent, rigid, lacking tomentum but with a more or less felty surface, whitish or greyish, darker at the base, simple or branched in upper part, esorediate, with a solid cartilaginous axis of parallel hyphae surrounded by a lax medulla. Phyllocladia often almost entirely covering the pseudopodetia, small, often verrucose, the largest ones usually peltate, flattened or concave, usually not confluent, at least some of them with a dark olive-coloured central part and paler margins. Cephalodia rare, verruculose, dark olive brown, containing Stigonema. Apothecia rare, 0.5-1 mm across, located on lateral branches, with a dark brown disc. Proper exciple brown in outer part, colourless within; epithecium brown, K-; hymenium colourless; paraphyses mostly simple, 1.5-1.8 µm thick, the apical cells capitate, up to 4.5 µm wide, with a dark cap; hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical-clavate, with a K/I+ blue outer layer and apical dome, and a central, K/I+ darker blue tube, Porpidia-type. Ascospores 3-6-septate, hyaline, fusiform but thicker at one end, 26-38 x 3-3.5 µm. Pycnidia rather rare. Conidia 1-celled, hyaline, straight or curved, 8-12 x 0.6-0.8 µm. Main photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus K+ yellow (rarely K+ red), C-, KC-, P+ orange, UV-. Chemistry: atranorin and variable amounts of stictic and norstictic acids.
Note: on volcanic rocks; abundant on the Vesuvium and the Etna Volcanoes, but much rarer elsewhere in Italy, due to the scarcity of suitable substrata; most records from the Alps need confirmation.
Growth form: Fruticose

Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia (primary); cyanobacteria, filamentous (e.g. Nostoc, Scytonema) (secundary, e.g. in cephalodia)
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: extremely rare
Oromediterranean belt: extremely rare
Montane belt: extremely rare
Submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples


Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (12835)
2001/12/07
phyllocladia



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (12835)
2001/12/07


Einar Timdal - Source: http://nhm2.uio.no/lav/web/index.html - CC BY-NC


Umberto Saetta
Italy, Campania, Napoli, Mt. Vesuvius


Umberto Saetta
Italy, Campania, Napoli, Mt. Vesuvius


Umberto Saetta
Italy, Campania, Napoli, Mt. Vesuvius



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 37035



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 37035



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 37035



Pier Luigi Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 12835



Pier Luigi Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 12835



Pier Luigi Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 12835



Pier Luigi Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 12835



Pier Luigi Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 12835


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=528&lang=en
France, Commana


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=528&lang=en
France, Commana


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=528&lang=en
France, Commana


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=528&lang=en
France, Commana


Hans Toetenel - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=528&lang=en
France, Groix


Hans Toetenel - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=528&lang=en
France, Groix


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=528&lang=en
Belgium, Monthermé


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=528&lang=en
Belgium, Monthermé


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=528&lang=en
Belgium, Monthermé


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=528&lang=en
Belgium, Monthermé


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=528&lang=en
Belgium, Monthermé


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=528&lang=en
Belgium, Monthermé


Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Italy, Zafferana Etnea, (Catania-Sicilia), 10-IV-2018, entre rocas volcánicas, bajo Quercus ilex, leg. A. R. Burgaz & det. M. González y Pier Luigi Nimis, MGG-96.


Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Italy, Zafferana Etnea, (Catania-Sicilia), 10-IV-2018, entre rocas volcánicas, bajo Quercus ilex, leg. A. R. Burgaz & det. M. González y Pier Luigi Nimis, MGG-96.


Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Italy, Zafferana Etnea, (Catania-Sicilia), 10-IV-2018, entre rocas volcánicas, bajo Quercus ilex, leg. A. R. Burgaz & det. M. González y Pier Luigi Nimis, MGG-96.


Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Italy, Zafferana Etnea, (Catania-Sicilia), 10-IV-2018, entre rocas volcánicas, bajo Quercus ilex, leg. A. R. Burgaz & det. M. González y Pier Luigi Nimis, MGG-96.


Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Italy, Zafferana Etnea, (Catania-Sicilia), 10-IV-2018, entre rocas volcánicas, bajo Quercus ilex, leg. A. R. Burgaz & det. M. González y Pier Luigi Nimis, MGG-96.


Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Italy, Zafferana Etnea, (Catania-Sicilia), 10-IV-2018, entre rocas volcánicas, bajo Quercus ilex, leg. A. R. Burgaz & det. M. González y Pier Luigi Nimis, MGG-96.


Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Italy, Zafferana Etnea, (Catania-Sicilia), 10-IV-2018, entre rocas volcánicas, bajo Quercus ilex, leg. A. R. Burgaz & det. M. González y Pier Luigi Nimis, MGG-96.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2564], Kanarische Inseln, Gran Canaria: bestandsbildend an rauhen Lawawänden im Stereocauletum vesuvianum Klem., 1200 m, NO-NW, pH 6,8, Blockströme im Nebelgürtel zwischen Cueva Corcho und Pinos de Galdar. Leg G. Follmann & G.Kunkel, 09.1968. Ex G. FOLLMANN: LICHENES EXSCICCATI SELECTI A MUSEO BOTANICO BEROLINENSI EDITI NR. 76.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2564], Kanarische Inseln, Gran Canaria: bestandsbildend an rauhen Lawawänden im Stereocauletum vesuvianum Klem., 1200 m, NO-NW, pH 6,8, Blockströme im Nebelgürtel zwischen Cueva Corcho und Pinos de Galdar. Leg G. Follmann & G.Kunkel, 09.1968. Ex G. FOLLMANN: LICHENES EXSCICCATI SELECTI A MUSEO BOTANICO BEROLINENSI EDITI NR. 76.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2564], Kanarische Inseln, Gran Canaria: bestandsbildend an rauhen Lawawänden im Stereocauletum vesuvianum Klem., 1200 m, NO-NW, pH 6,8, Blockströme im Nebelgürtel zwischen Cueva Corcho und Pinos de Galdar. Leg G. Follmann & G.Kunkel, 09.1968. Ex G. FOLLMANN: LICHENES EXSCICCATI SELECTI A MUSEO BOTANICO BEROLINENSI EDITI NR. 76.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2564], Kanarische Inseln, Gran Canaria: bestandsbildend an rauhen Lawawänden im Stereocauletum vesuvianum Klem., 1200 m, NO-NW, pH 6,8, Blockströme im Nebelgürtel zwischen Cueva Corcho und Pinos de Galdar. Leg G. Follmann & G.Kunkel, 09.1968. Ex G. FOLLMANN: LICHENES EXSCICCATI SELECTI A MUSEO BOTANICO BEROLINENSI EDITI NR. 76.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2564], Kanarische Inseln, Gran Canaria: bestandsbildend an rauhen Lawawänden im Stereocauletum vesuvianum Klem., 1200 m, NO-NW, pH 6,8, Blockströme im Nebelgürtel zwischen Cueva Corcho und Pinos de Galdar. Leg G. Follmann & G.Kunkel, 09.1968. Ex G. FOLLMANN: LICHENES EXSCICCATI SELECTI A MUSEO BOTANICO BEROLINENSI EDITI NR. 76.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2564], Kanarische Inseln, Gran Canaria: bestandsbildend an rauhen Lawawänden im Stereocauletum vesuvianum Klem., 1200 m, NO-NW, pH 6,8, Blockströme im Nebelgürtel zwischen Cueva Corcho und Pinos de Galdar. Leg G. Follmann & G.Kunkel, 09.1968. Ex G. FOLLMANN: LICHENES EXSCICCATI SELECTI A MUSEO BOTANICO BEROLINENSI EDITI NR. 76.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2564], Kanarische Inseln, Gran Canaria: bestandsbildend an rauhen Lawawänden im Stereocauletum vesuvianum Klem., 1200 m, NO-NW, pH 6,8, Blockströme im Nebelgürtel zwischen Cueva Corcho und Pinos de Galdar. Leg G. Follmann & G.Kunkel, 09.1968. Ex G. FOLLMANN: LICHENES EXSCICCATI SELECTI A MUSEO BOTANICO BEROLINENSI EDITI NR. 76.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2564], Kanarische Inseln, Gran Canaria: bestandsbildend an rauhen Lawawänden im Stereocauletum vesuvianum Klem., 1200 m, NO-NW, pH 6,8, Blockströme im Nebelgürtel zwischen Cueva Corcho und Pinos de Galdar. Leg G. Follmann & G.Kunkel, 09.1968. Ex G. FOLLMANN: LICHENES EXSCICCATI SELECTI A MUSEO BOTANICO BEROLINENSI EDITI NR. 76.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2564], Kanarische Inseln, Gran Canaria: bestandsbildend an rauhen Lawawänden im Stereocauletum vesuvianum Klem., 1200 m, NO-NW, pH 6,8, Blockströme im Nebelgürtel zwischen Cueva Corcho und Pinos de Galdar. Leg G. Follmann & G.Kunkel, 09.1968. Ex G. FOLLMANN: LICHENES EXSCICCATI SELECTI A MUSEO BOTANICO BEROLINENSI EDITI NR. 76.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2564], Kanarische Inseln, Gran Canaria: bestandsbildend an rauhen Lawawänden im Stereocauletum vesuvianum Klem., 1200 m, NO-NW, pH 6,8, Blockströme im Nebelgürtel zwischen Cueva Corcho und Pinos de Galdar. Leg G. Follmann & G.Kunkel, 09.1968. Ex G. FOLLMANN: LICHENES EXSCICCATI SELECTI A MUSEO BOTANICO BEROLINENSI EDITI NR. 76.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2564], Kanarische Inseln, Gran Canaria: bestandsbildend an rauhen Lawawänden im Stereocauletum vesuvianum Klem., 1200 m, NO-NW, pH 6,8, Blockströme im Nebelgürtel zwischen Cueva Corcho und Pinos de Galdar. Leg G. Follmann & G.Kunkel, 09.1968. Ex G. FOLLMANN: LICHENES EXSCICCATI SELECTI A MUSEO BOTANICO BEROLINENSI EDITI NR. 76.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2564], Kanarische Inseln, Gran Canaria: bestandsbildend an rauhen Lawawänden im Stereocauletum vesuvianum Klem., 1200 m, NO-NW, pH 6,8, Blockströme im Nebelgürtel zwischen Cueva Corcho und Pinos de Galdar. Leg G. Follmann & G.Kunkel, 09.1968. Ex G. FOLLMANN: LICHENES EXSCICCATI SELECTI A MUSEO BOTANICO BEROLINENSI EDITI NR. 76.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[2564], Kanarische Inseln, Gran Canaria: bestandsbildend an rauhen Lawawänden im Stereocauletum vesuvianum Klem., 1200 m, NO-NW, pH 6,8, Blockströme im Nebelgürtel zwischen Cueva Corcho und Pinos de Galdar. Leg G. Follmann & G.Kunkel, 09.1968. Ex G. FOLLMANN: LICHENES EXSCICCATI SELECTI A MUSEO BOTANICO BEROLINENSI EDITI NR. 76.