Sticta sylvatica (Huds.) Ach.

Meth. Lich.: 281, 1803. Basionym: Lichen sylvaticus Huds. - Fl. Angl.: 453, 1762.
Synonyms: Stictina sylvatica (Huds.) Nyl.
Distribution: N - Frl (Nascimbene & Caniglia 2003), Ven, TAA (Nascimbene & Caniglia 2003), Lomb, Piem (Isocrono & al. 2004, 2007, Morisi 2005, Matteucci & al. 2013), VA (Piervittori & Isocrono 1999, Matteucci & al. 2015d), Emil (Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig. C - Tosc, Laz (Ravera 2001, Massari & Ravera 2002), Abr (Di Santo & Ravera 2012, Corona & al. 2016). S - Pugl, Cal (Puntillo 1996).
Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous, dorsiventral, broad-lobed, isidiate, usually rounded or fan-shaped in outline, subcoriaceous but brittle when dry, 1-5 cm in diam., but often forming 10-20 cm wide colonies with several intermingled and overlapping thalli. Young lobes not stipitate; mature lobes 0.4-0.8 cm wide, 1-3(-5) times dichotomously branched, glossy, involute, usually with ascending, rounded to irregularly dissected margins, forming slightly concave, fan-shaped forms. Upper surface usually dark brown when wet, paler and sometimes bluish grey when dry, foveolate or scrobiculate with shallowly reticulated ridges. Isidia developing mainly on lobe margins or on ridges of the upper surface, sometimes covering large parts of the thallus, at fist globulose, but soon developing up to 0.5 mm high and wide, coralloid masses, very brittle and easily detached, dark brown to almost black. Lower surface uneven or slightly foveolate, dark brown to almost black, tomentose throughout, with rounded to slightly irregular, 0.8-1.1 mm wide, erumpent and slightly involute pseudocyphellae, the pore 0.5-0.7 mm in diam., the membrane white, made of 1-2 layers of rounded or rarely irregular cells which rarely may produce c. 4 μm wide papillae. Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous, 30-40 μm thick, of 3-4 layers of isodiametrical cells, the outer layer distinct, made of a single row of smaller cells (c. 5–8 μm in diam.) with thicker walls; medulla white, lax, 50-60 μm thick; lower cortex paraplectenchymatous, 20-30 μm thick, with 2-4 layers of isodiametrical, thick-walled cells. Primary tomentum formed of bunches of 0.1-0.4 mm long, cylindrical hyphae, adglutinated except at the tips, the apical cells distinctly shorter, slightly moniliform and probably producing vegetative diaspores. Apothecia and pycnidia absent. Photobiont cyanobacterial (Nostoc, the cells forming an almost continuous layer). Spot tests: cortex and medulla K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV-. Chemistry: without lichen substances.
Note: a western species in Europe, found on mossy trunks and on epilithic bryophytes in natural forests, Most of the Italian records are old, and the species is included in the Italian red list of epiphytic lichens as “Vulnerable” (Nascimbene & al. 2013c).
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: bark and rocks
Photobiont: cyanobacteria, filamentous (e.g. Nostoc, Scytonema)
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by isidia, or isidia-like structures (e.g. schizidia)
Restricted to humid-warm, oceanic areas

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: very rare
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF

Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (9135)
2001/12/07
isidia



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (9135)
2001/12/07


Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu


Jessica Bonazzi; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Friuli-Venezia Giulia, UD, Lago di Sauris, Bosco della Stua, ca. 1000 m
2008.27.08


Jessica Bonazzi; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Friuli-Venezia Giulia, UD, Lago di Sauris, Bosco della Stua, ca. 1000 m
2008.27.08


Jessica Bonazzi; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Friuli-Venezia Giulia, UD, Lago di Sauris, Bosco della Stua, ca. 1000 m
2008.27.08



Juri Nascimbene
Altopiano del Canwsiglio, Regione Veneto, Prov. Treviso, Italy
2005



Juri Nascimbene
Altopiano del Canwsiglio, Regione Veneto, Prov. Treviso, Italy
2005



Juri Nascimbene
Altopiano del Canwsiglio, Regione Veneto, Prov. Treviso, Italy
2005


Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Sticta_sylvatica.htm
France, session AFL 2007 - Finistère


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Sticta_sylvatica.htm
France, session AFL 2007 - Finistère


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Sticta_sylvatica.htm
France, session AFL 2007 - Finistère


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Sticta_sylvatica.htm
France, session AFL 2007 - Finistère


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Sticta_sylvatica.htm
France, session AFL 2007 - Finistère


Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=352&lang=en
France, St. Herbot


Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=352&lang=en
France, St. Herbot


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=352&lang=en
France, St. Herbot


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=352&lang=en
France, St. Herbot


Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=352&lang=en
France, St. Herbot


Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=352&lang=en
France, St. Herbot


Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=352&lang=en
France, St. Herbot


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=352&lang=en
France, St. Herbot


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=352&lang=en
France, St. Herbot