Teloschistes flavicans (Sw.) Norman

Nytt Mag. Naturvid., 7: 229, 1853. Basionym: Lichen flavicans Sw. - Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl.: 147, 1788.
Synonyms: Borrera flavicans (Sw.) Ach.; Tornabenia flavicans (Sw.) A. Massal.
Distribution: C - Sar. S - Si (Nimis & al. 1994, Ottonello & Romano 1997, Ottonello & Puntillo 2009, Ottonello & al. 2011).
Description: Thallus fruticose, attached by a basal holdfast, almost filamentous, up to 12 cm long, tufted to pendent, more or less dichotomously and richly branched. Branches corticate, rigid, entangled, up to 2 mm wide, narrowing to 0.05-0.2 mm at the tips, terete to angular or somewhat flattened (especially the main ones) yellow-orange to reddish orange, with farinose to granular, yellow soredia arranged in orbicular to elongated, at least at the beginning raised soralia; fibrils and hairs absent or scarce. Cortex of longitudinally arranged hyphae; medulla interrupted by cortical strands. Apothecia extremely rare, lecanorine, 1-4 mm across, with an orange disc and a thin, usually smooth, rarely sparingly ciliate thalline margin. Epithecium orange, K+ red; hymenium and hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, Teloschistes-type. Ascospores 2-celled polarilocular, hyaline, oblong to narrowly ellipsoid, (10-)12-18(-20) x 6-11 µm. Pycnidia immersed to slightly projecting, orange. Conidia simple, hyaline, bifusiform, 2.7-3.7 x 1-1.5 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus and soredia K+ red, C-, KC-, P-. Chemistry: parietin and caloploicin (major), teloschistin, fallacinal, parietinic acid, vicanicin and isofulgidin (minor), occasionally also emodin.
Note: a tropical to Mediterranean-Atlantic lichen found on branches, bryophytes and siliceous rocks in a few warm-humid stands of Tyrrhenian Italy, mostly near the coast in areas with frequent fog. It is included in the Italian red list of epiphytic lichens as “Endangered” (Nascimbene & al. 2013c).
Growth form: Fruticose

Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Restricted to humid-warm, oceanic areas

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: absent
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: extremely rare
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF

Enrico Banfi
Costa Rica



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (16076)
2001/12/11
soralia



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (16076)
2001/12/11



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3


Leif Stridvall
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall -Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife


Nere Sorrentino
Spain


Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php


Enrico Banfi
Costa Rica


Ulrich Kirschbaum
Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL18085], Brazil, Sergipe, Parque National Serra de Itabaiana. 10°44'35'' S, 37°20'25'' W, 400 m. On bark in transitional forest to caatinga. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot, (no. 18085), 27 July 2013, det. A. Aptroot 2013.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL18085], Brazil, Sergipe, Parque National Serra de Itabaiana. 10°44'35'' S, 37°20'25'' W, 400 m. On bark in transitional forest to caatinga. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot, (no. 18085), 27 July 2013, det. A. Aptroot 2013.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL42588], Brazil, Alagoas, Quebrangulo, Pedra Talhada private area. In in Atlantic rain forest on tree bark. 9°15’ S, 36°25’35’’ W, 500-700 m. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot (no 42588), 21-23.10.2017. Det. A. Aptroot, 2017.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL42588], Brazil, Alagoas, Quebrangulo, Pedra Talhada private area. In in Atlantic rain forest on tree bark. 9°15’ S, 36°25’35’’ W, 500-700 m. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot (no 42588), 21-23.10.2017. Det. A. Aptroot, 2017.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
LN038



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
LN038



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
LN079



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
LN079