ITALIC 8.0

Bacidina friesiana (Hepp) S. Ekman

Nordic J. Bot.: e03846, 30. 2023. Basionym: Biatora friesiana Hepp - Flecht. Eur.: nr. 288, 1857.

Synonyms: Bacidia friesiana (Hepp) Körb.; Lecidea norrlinii Lamy

Distribution: N - Frl, TAA (Nascimbene & al. 2007b), Lomb, Piem, Lig (Watson 2014). C - Tosc, Marc (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Laz, Sar (Zedda 2002). S - Camp (Aprile & al. 2003b), Bas (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Cal (Puntillo 1996).

Description: Thallus crustose, endosubstratic or thinly episubstratic, discontinuous or of discrete to contiguous, minutely subgranular, 0.2-0.8 mm wide areoles, whitish, pale grey or pale brown-grey, sometimes with a thin, endosubstratic, pale grey hypothallus. Apothecia biatorine, often aggregated, 0.2-0.8 mm across, piebald when mature but basically pale straw-coloured (not pink) mixed with grey to brown to almost black hues, with an initially flat, finally often convex, epruinose disc, and a concolorous to darker (especially when wet), often finally excluded proper margin. Proper exciple 50-60 μm wide laterally, yellowish with a grey, brown or blackish pigment concentrated in the outer upper part, with a single cell layer of globose, 3-6 µm wide cells, paler or colourless within, the pigmented parts K+ purplish, N+ orange-red; epithecium scarcely differentiated from the hymenium, pale brown, the pigmented parts K- and N+ purple; hymenium 40-65 μm high, colourless to pale brown in lower part, merging with the epithecium in upper part; paraphyses 1-1.5 μm thick at mid-level, the apical cells usually clavate, but sometimes weakly or not swollen, up to 5 μm wide; hypothecium colourless to very pale straw-coloured. Asci 8-spored, clavate to cylindrical-clavate, the apical dome K/I+ dark blue with a pale, conical-pointed apical cushion (axial mass) never penetrating through the entire d-layer, the wall K/I-, but the thin outer gel K/I+ blue, Bacidia-type. Ascospores (3-)7-9-septate, hyaline, needle-like, straight to sigmoid, 30-55(-70) x 2-3.5 μm, tapering towards one end. Pycnidia semi-immersed, 80-360 µm across, unilocular, strongly flattened and unpigmented except for a brown ring around the ostiole, which is finally widely gaping. Conidia thread-like, more or less curved, aseptate, 9-14 x c. 1 µm, formed terminally. Photobiont chlorococcoid, the cells 5-12 μm in diam. Spot tests: thallus K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV-. Chemistry: thallus without lichen substances; apothecia with the Laurocerasi-brown (major) and Bagliettoana-green (minor) pigments.

Note: a mild-temperate lichen, most frequent on Sambucus, or near the base of trees with nutrient-rich bark, with optimum in the submediterranean belt. Italian samples should be checked against the very similar B. caerulea (see Ekman 2023).

Growth form: Crustose

Substrata: bark

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: absent

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: extremely rare

Submediterranean belt: very rare

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: rare

Humid mediterranean belt: very rare

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

Index Fungorum GBIF

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 23878

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php (Courtesy: Anita Stridvall)

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/

Courtesy: Anita Stridvall

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/

Courtesy: Anita Stridvall

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04

TSB 3093