Toninia plumbina (Anzi) Hafellner & Timdal

in Timdal, Opera Bot., 110: 85, 1991. Basionym: Leciographa plumbina Anzi - Comm. Soc. Critt. Ital., 1, 3: 158, 1862.
Synonyms: Bacidia plumbina (Anzi) R. Sant.; Bilimbia plumbina (Anzi) H. Olivier
Distribution: N - Emil (UPS-F-523945, Brackel 2016, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Brunialti & al. 2001, Brackel 2016). C - Tosc (Brackel 2016), Umb (Ravera 1998, 1998b, Ravera & al. 2006, Brackel 2016), Laz (Ravera 2001, Brackel 2016), Sar (Brackel 2016). S - Camp (Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Garofalo & al. 2010, Catalano & al. 2016, Brackel 2016, 2021), Bas (Bartoli & Puntillo 1996, 1998, Brackel 2016), Cal (Puntillo 1996, Puntillo & Puntillo 2004, Brackel & Puntillo 2016, Brackel 2016).
Description: Thallus not apparent, not lichenized, developing inside the thalli of Pectenia-species. Apothecia lecideine, black, to 0.6 mm across, with a flat to slightly convex, epruinose disc, and a thin, finally often excluded proper margin. Proper exciple brownish black to greenish black in outer part, dark brown within, K-, the greenish pigment reacting N+ violet; epithecium dark olivaceous green to bright green, K-, N+ violet, lacking crystals; hymenium colourless, 50-60 μm high; paraphyses simple or sparingly branched and anastomosing, not conglutinated, the apical cell distinctly swollen and covered by a gelatinous pigment cap; hypothecium dark brown. Asci 8-spored, clavate, surrounded by a gelatinous I+ blue coat, with a well-developed I+ blue tholus with a I+ darker blue tube and a well-developed ocular chamber, Bacidia-type. Ascospores (1-)3(-5)-septate, hyaline. fusiform to bacilliform. (14-)18-30 x 3-4.5 μm. Photobiont absent. Spot tests: all negative. Chemistry: without lichen substances.
Note: a Mediterranean-Atlantic, mainly western lichenicolous fungus growing on species of Pectenia, most frequent in Tyrrhenian Italy. It is included in the Italian red list of epiphytic lichens as “Near-threatened” (Nascimbene & al. 2013c).
Growth form: Lichenicolous fungus
Substrata: bark
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)
paras Pectenia spp.

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: absent
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Humid mediterranean belt: extremely rare
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF


P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 31969



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 13924


Zschacke, H. (1934) Epigloeaceae, Verrucariaceae und Dermatocarpaceae. In: Dr. L. Rabenhorst‘s Kryptogamen-Flora, Band 9, Abt. 1, Teil 1. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig, 695 pp. - Public Domain


Zschacke, H. (1934) Epigloeaceae, Verrucariaceae und Dermatocarpaceae. In: Dr. L. Rabenhorst‘s Kryptogamen-Flora, Band 9, Abt. 1, Teil 1. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig, 695 pp. - Public Domain



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (31969)
2003/03/17
on the thallus of the host, Degelia atlantica