Umbilicaria cinereorufescens (Schaer.) Frey

Hedwigia, 71: 109, 1931. Basionym: Umbilicaria vellea var. spodochroa f. cinereorufescens Schaer. - Enum. Crit. Lich. Eur.: 25, 1850.
Synonyms: Gyrophora cinereorufescens (Schaer.) Schol.; Gyrophora mammulata Ach.
Distribution: N - TAA (Nascimbene 2005), Lomb, Piem, VA (HAL-18699).
Description: Thallus foliose-umbilicate, heteromerous, dorsiventral, mono-or polyphyllous, 3-4(-7) cm wide, 0.1-0.3 mm thick, coriaceous, rather irregular in shape, attached by a central holdfast. Lobes often deeply incised, the central ones shorter, with wavy, lacerated and perforated, often down-turned margins. Upper surface pale to medium grey/brown, usually thinly pruinose, smooth, sometimes undulating and irregularly cracked around center; lower surface jet black, trabeculate around the umbilicus, covered with numerous papillae and short, peg-like or irregular-coralloid, black rhizinomorphs bearing clusters of thalloconidia. Thalloconidia usually restricted to rhizinomorphs, rarely present on the lower surface, 6-20(-40)-celled, subspherical to elongate, dark brown to black, with a roughened surface, c. 20 x 27 µm. Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous 20-30 µm; medulla white; lower cortex 40-100 µm thick. Apothecia very rare, adnate, black, gyrodisc. Epithecium brown; hymenium colourless; paraphyses simple or sparingly branched, septate, the apical cells more or less swollen; hypothecium thick, dark. Asci 8-spored, clavate, thick-walled, with an amyloid apical dome, Umbilicaria-type. Ascospores at first simple and hyaline, then muriform and brown, 8-15 x 4-9 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: cortex K-, C-, KC-, P-; medulla K-, C+ red, KC+ red, P-. Chemistry: small amounts of gyrophoric, lecanoric and crustinic acids, especially in the medulla.
Note: a holarctic species also known from the mountains of Africa, found on wind-exposed, vertical or slightly rain-sheltered surfaces of hard siliceous rocks in humid upland areas (frequent fog and high rainfall), but in apparently dry situations, reaching the nival belt in the Alps.
Growth form: Foliose, umbilicate
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by conidia and thalloconidia
In underhangs rarely wetted by rain

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: rare
Subalpine belt: very rare
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: extremely rare
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF

Einar Timdal - Source: http://nhm2.uio.no/lav/web/index.html - CC BY-NC



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (14781)
2001/12/05



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (14781)
2001/12/05
detail of lower surface



Curtis Randall Björk, - CC BY-SA 4.0
Near Hope Bay, Nunavut, Northwest Territories, Canadaries, CanadaIsland, British Columbia, Canada
19.07.2014



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 38502



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 38502



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 43982



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 43982



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 43982


Frey E. 1933. Cladoniaceae (unter Ausschluß ded Gattung Cladonia) und Umbilicariaceae. In: Rabenhrst’s Kryptogamenflora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. 15: 1-208.