ITALIC 8.0

Umbilicaria laevis (Schaer.) Frey

Hedwigia, 71: 17, 1931. Basionym: Gyrophora atropruinosa var. laevis Schaer. - Naturwiss. Anz., 1: 8, 1818.

Synonyms: Agyrophora laevis (Schaer.) Llano; Gyrophora laevis (Schaer.) Du Rietz

Distribution: N - TAA (Lich.Alpium 320: Narui & al. 1996), Lomb, Piem (Isocrono & al. 2004), VA (Borlandelli & al. 1996, Piervittori & Isocrono 1997, 1999, Piervittori & al. 2004).

Description: Thallus foliose-umbilicate, heteromerous, dorsiventral, polyphyllous, regular in outline, 3-4 cm wide, 0.1-0.2 mm thick, attached by a central holdfast. Outer lobes more or adpressed, with a black, glossy, margin, central lobes shorter andless ascending, with lacerated, deeply incised, undulating, curled margins. Upper surface greyish beige, darker towards margins, irregularly cracked, smooth or scabrous, white-areolate only around the umbilicus. Lower surface smooth, even, black around umbilicus, pale brown with black patches toward margins, sometimes entirely black, with a 2-3 mm wide, grey, marginal zone; rhizinomorphs absent; thalloconidia usually absent, but sometimes present especially when the lower surface is entirely black, simple, usually spherical, rarely ovoid, dark brown. Upper cortex palisade-plectenchymatous, 8-24 µm thick; medulla white, loose; lower cortex scleroplectenchymatous, 12–23 µm thick. Apothecia very rare (not observed in Italian material), leiodisc, black. Pycnidia pyriform, with a dark brown ostiole. Conidia 3-4 x 0.8-1 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: medulla K-, C+ red, KC+ red, P-. Chemistry: medulla with gyrophoric acid.

Note: on inclined, sun-exposed surfaces of siliceous rocks, generally in dry situations, with optimum above treeline.

Growth form: Foliose, umbilicate

Substrata: rocks

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by conidia and thalloconidia

On otherwise dry surfaces with short periods of water seepage after rain

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: rather rare

Subalpine belt: very rare

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: absent

Submediterranean belt: absent

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: absent

Humid mediterranean belt: absent

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

Index Fungorum GBIF

University of Wisconsin - Madison (WIS) – Catalog #: WIS-L-0139299 Secondary Catalog #: 4425 Determiner: O. Klement (s.d.) Collector: M. Steiner Number: s.n. Date: 1962-07-25 Locality: Italy, Ötztal Alps: Oberbergtal above Kurzras 46.756993 10.781311 +-1294m. WGS84 Georeference Remarks: Kurzras, South Tyrol, Italy Elevation: 2400 meters (7872ft) Substrate: at gneiss rocks Notes: ex herbario Steiner - CC BY-NC 3.0 - Source: Consortium of Lichen Herbaria (2023) http//:lichenportal.org/portal/index.php. Accessed on December 18.

Frey E. 1933. Cladoniaceae (unter Ausschluß ded Gattung Cladonia) und Umbilicariaceae. In: Rabenhrst’s Kryptogamenflora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. 15: 1-208.