Umbilicaria polyrrhiza (L.) Fr.

Sched. Crit. Lich. Suec. Exs., 5-6: 3, 1825. Basionym: Lichen polyrrhizos L. - Sp. Pl., 2: 1151, 1753.
Synonyms: Actinogyra polyrrhiza (L.) Schol.; Gyrophora pellita (Ach.) Ach.; Gyrophora polyrrhiza (L.) Körb.; Umbilicaria pellita (Ach.) Ach.
Distribution: N - Piem (Isocrono & al. 2004), VA (Piervittori & Isocrono 1999), Emil (Fariselli & al. 2020). C - Umb (Ravera & al. 2006), Sar (Tretiach 1993, Nöske 2000). S - Cal (Tretiach 1993, Puntillo 1996).
Description: Thallus foliose-umbilicate, heteromerous, dorsiventral, monophyllous or more rarely polyphyllous, with undulating margins, attached by a central holdfast, 2-5(-10) cm wide, to c. 0.3 mm thick. Upper surface coppery brown, smooth and glossy, with abundant, erect, marginal rhizinomorphs; lower surface black, warted, distinctly areolate and sometimes trabeculate near the central holdfast, with dense black, simple or often branched rhizinomorphs; thalloconidia dark brown, formed on the tips of marginal rhizinomorphs, rarely on the lower cortex, multiseptate (100-400-celled), more or less isodiametrical or irregular in shape, c 19-21 µm wide. Upper cortex 3-6 µm thick; medulla white, 60-70 µm thick; lower cortex 20-50 µm thick. Apothecia very rare, black, actinodisc, 2-3 mm across, sessile, with a convex disc and a thick, carbonaceous, finally excluded proper margin. Epithecium brown-black; hymenium colourless; paraphyses simple or sparingly branched, 2-2.5 μm thick, the terminal cells hardly swollen; hypothecium brown or blackish. Asci 8-spored, elongate-clavate, thick-walled, the apical dome K/I+ blue, Umbilicaria-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid to ovoid, 8-9 x 3.5-6 μm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: cortex K-, C-, KC-, P-; medulla K-, C+ and KC+ red, P-. Chemistry: medulla with gyrophoric and umbilicaric acids.
Note: on steeply inclined surfaces of siliceous rocks wetted by rain in humid-rainy areas, with optimum near and above treeline. Earlier records from Marche, Latium and Sicily (see Nimis 1993: 719), being dubious, are not accepted here.
Growth form: Foliose, umbilicate
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by conidia and thalloconidia

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: rather rare
Subalpine belt: rare
Oromediterranean belt: very rare
Montane belt: absent
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF

Nere Sorrentino
Galicia



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (11051)
2003/03/17



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (11051)
2003/03/17
apothecium



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (11039)
2003/03/17
detail of lower surface


Triin Aimla; Owner: University of Tartu


Nere Sorrentino


Nere Sorrentino


Nere Sorrentino


Frey E. 1933. Cladoniaceae (unter Ausschluß ded Gattung Cladonia) und Umbilicariaceae. In: Rabenhrst’s Kryptogamenflora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. 15: 1-208.


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Galicia


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Galicia


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Galicia


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Galicia


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Galicia


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Galicia


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Galicia


Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Galicia


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Textes_U/Umbilicaria_polyrrhiza.htm
France, 21/11/2012 - Monte-Stello - Corse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Textes_U/Umbilicaria_polyrrhiza.htm
France, 21/11/2012 - Monte-Stello - Corse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Textes_U/Umbilicaria_polyrrhiza.htm
France, 21/11/2012 - Monte-Stello - Corse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Textes_U/Umbilicaria_polyrrhiza.htm
France, 21/11/2012 - Monte-Stello - Corse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Textes_U/Umbilicaria_polyrrhiza.htm
France, 21/11/2012 - Monte-Stello - Corse


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=614&lang=en
Sweden, Vaestervik


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=614&lang=en
France, Menez-Meur


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=614&lang=en
France, Menez-Meur


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=614&lang=en
France, Menez-Meur


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=614&lang=en
France, Menez-Meur


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=614&lang=en
Sweden, Vaestervik


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=614&lang=en
Sweden, Vaestervik


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=614&lang=en
France, Hanvec


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=614&lang=en
France, Hanvec


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=614&lang=en
France, Hanvec
lower surface


Ulrich Kirschbaum
Sweden: Värmland.