Umbilicaria vellea (L.) Ach.

K. Vetensk-Acad. Nya Handl., 15: 101, 1794. Basionym: Lichen velleus L. - Sp. Pl., 2: 1150, 1753.
Synonyms: Gyrophora cirrhosa (Hoffm.) Flörke non auct.; Gyrophora vellea (L.) Ach.; Gyrophora vellerea Nyl.; Umbilicaria cirrhosa Hoffm. non auct.; Umbilicaria spodochroa auct. p.p. non Hoffm.
Distribution: N - Frl (TSB 16540), Ven, TAA (Nascimbene & al. 2022), Lomb, Piem (Morisi & Sereno 1995, Isocrono & al. 2003, 2004), VA (Piervittori & Isocrono 1997, 1999), Emil, Lig. C - Tosc, Sar (TSB 7288). S - Bas (Potenza & al. 2014), Cal (Puntillo 1996).
Description: Thallus foliose-umbilicate, heteromerous, dorsiventral, mainly monophyllous, rigid, 4-8(-20) cm wide, 0.2-0.3(-0.4) mm thick, with entire to incised, slightly up- or down-tuned margins, attached by a thick, dark, more or less central holdfast. Upper surface pale brown to greyish violet, dull, smooth to scabrous, distinctly rimose with dark cracks, slightly raised over the umbilicus and with a trabeculatefew folds. Lower surface black, more or less scabrous, with a dense felt of rhizinomorphs except around the umbilicus, and in the marginal zone. Rhizinomorphs of two types: black, short, stout and ball-tipped, immixed with others which are pale brown to ivory white, cylindrical, simple or branched. Thalloconidia large, 22-40 x 31-60 µm, multi-septate, 50-300-celled, dark brown to black, irregular, arising both on the lower cortex and in clusters on the tips of rhizinomorphs. Upper cortex palisade-plectenchymatous, 11-30 µm thick; medulla white, dense, 45-130 µm thick; lower cortex brown, scleroplectenchymatous, 20-60 µm thick. Apothecia rare, gyrodisc, black, to 3 mm across. Epithecium black-brown; hymenium colourless; paraphyses mostly simple, with enlarged apical cells; hypothecium brown. Asci 8-spored, clavate, thick-walled, with an amyloid apical dome, Umbilicaria-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, broadly ellipsoid, 9-12 x 6-8 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: medulla K-, C+ red, KC+ red, P-. Chemistry: medulla with gyrophoric, lecanoric, hiascic and umbilicaric acids.
Note: an arctic-alpine, probably circumpolar lichen found on steeply inclined to vertical, exposed surfaces of siliceous rocks with some water seepage, especially along fissures, with optimum above treeline. Earlier records from Marche and Latium (see Nimis 1993: 721) plus the record from Umbria by Ravera & al. (2004), being dubious, are not accepted here.
Growth form: Foliose, umbilicate
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by conidia and thalloconidia
On otherwise dry surfaces with short periods of water seepage after rain

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: rather rare
Subalpine belt: very rare
Oromediterranean belt: extremely rare
Montane belt: absent
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF

Einar Timdal - Source: http://nhm2.uio.no/lav/web/index.html - CC BY-NC



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (16530)
2001/12/05
detail of lower surface


Triin Aimla; Owner: University of Tartu


Antonio Valero; Owner: Antonio Valero
Spain
2010


Antonio Valero; Owner: Antonio Valero
Spain
2010


Antonio Valero; Owner: Antonio Valero
Spain
2010


Antonio Valero; Owner: Antonio Valero
Spain
2010


Antonio Valero; Owner: Antonio Valero
Spain
2010


Antonio Valero; Owner: Antonio Valero
Spain
2010



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[LIAF_15], Afghanistan, Prov. Kabul, Paghman-Gebirge, oberhalb des Ortes Paghman, an der Talgabelung Chap-Darrah und Rast-Darrah, 68°56’ E, 34°37’ N, ca. 2550 m, Silikatfelsen-Felswände, meist Nexponiert. Leg. D. Podlech (Pod 58/2), 17.05.1977. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 15.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[LIAF_15], Afghanistan, Prov. Kabul, Paghman-Gebirge, oberhalb des Ortes Paghman, an der Talgabelung Chap-Darrah und Rast-Darrah, 68°56’ E, 34°37’ N, ca. 2550 m, Silikatfelsen-Felswände, meist Nexponiert. Leg. D. Podlech (Pod 58/2), 17.05.1977. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 15.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[LIAF_29], Afghanistan, Prov. Kabul, Paghman-Gebirge, oberhalb des Ortes Paghman, an der Talgabelung Chap-Darrah und Rast-Darrah, 68°56’ E, 34°37’ N, ca. 2550 m, steile Silikatfelsen, N-exponiert. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 36/2, 37/2, 59/4), 30.05., 21.06.1970. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 29.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[LIAF_29], Afghanistan, Prov. Kabul, Paghman-Gebirge, oberhalb des Ortes Paghman, an der Talgabelung Chap-Darrah und Rast-Darrah, 68°56’ E, 34°37’ N, ca. 2550 m, steile Silikatfelsen, N-exponiert. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 36/2, 37/2, 59/4), 30.05., 21.06.1970. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 29.


Frey E. 1933. Cladoniaceae (unter Ausschluß ded Gattung Cladonia) und Umbilicariaceae. In: Rabenhrst’s Kryptogamenflora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. 15: 1-208.


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Textes_U/Umbilicaria_vellea.htm
France, session AFL en Haute-Ubaye - Alpes-de-Haute-Provence