Usnea esperantiana P. Clerc

Usnea esperantiana P. Clerc

Candollea, 47: 514, 1992.

Synonyms:

Distribution: N - Lig. C - Tosc (Putortì & al. 1998), Laz (Ravera 2006, 2006c), Sar (Zedda 2002).

Description: Thallus fruticose-filamentous, greenish, shrubby to rarely subpendulous, 4-6(-8) cm long, richly anisotomic to isotomic dichotomously branched, with divergent branches. Main branches 1-2 mm thick, foveolate and papillate, greenish to pale brown at base; lateral branches 0.3-0.5 mm thick, constricted at attachment point, entangled, often irregularly branched, markedly flexuose and contorted at apices, smooth, becoming eroded towards the tips, with numerous, rounded, white, flat to somewhat excavate, irregularly shaped and often confluent soralia, the tips often recurved and resembling octopus-arms or skeletal fingers, especially when heavily sorediate; isidiomorphs absent; fibrils short-spinulose (1-2 mm), sparsely and irregularly distributed. Cortex thin (3-6%), shiny in longitudinal section; medulla dense, white; central axis usually thin, white to rarely pale pink. Apothecia unknown. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: medulla K+ yellow turning red, C-, KC-, P+ orange-red. Chemistry: cortex with usnic acid; medulla with salazinic and bourgeanic acids (both major), rarely with salazinic acid alone, or rarely with salazinic and norstictic acids

Note: a Mediterranean-Atlantic-Macaronesian species also known from western North America, found in damp forests with frequent fog, mostly on branches of ancient trees, usually at relatively low elevations. The few Italian records are all from the Tyrrhenian ecoregion, where the species might be more widespread, but certainly not common. It is included in the Italian red list of epiphytic lichens as “Vulnerable” (Nascimbene & al. 2013c).

Growth form: Fruticose filamentous

Substrata: bark

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)

Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: absent

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: absent

Submediterranean belt: absent

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: very rare

Humid mediterranean belt: very rare

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia

Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia

Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia

Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia

Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia

Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia

Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia

Giulio Pandeli

Italy, Toscana, Colline del Chianti, oak wood
08/09/2020
Det. (from pictures) Ph. Clerc

Giulio Pandeli

Italy, Toscana, Colline del Chianti, oak wood
08/09/2020
Det. (from pictures) Ph. Clerc

Giulio Pandeli

Italy, Toscana, Colline del Chianti, oak wood
08/09/2020
Det. (from pictures) Ph. Clerc

Giulio Pandeli

Italy, Toscana, Colline del Chianti, oak wood
08/09/2020
Det. (from pictures) Ph. Clerc

Giulio Pandeli

Italy, Toscana, Colline del Chianti, oak wood
08/09/2020
Det. (from pictures) Ph. Clerc

Giulio Pandeli

Italy, Toscana, Colline del Chianti, oak wood
08/09/2020
Det. (from pictures) Ph. Clerc

Giulio Pandeli

Italy, Toscana, Colline del Chianti, oak wood
08/09/2020
Det. (from pictures) Ph. Clerc

Giulio Pandeli

Italy, Toscana, Colline del Chianti, oak wood
08/09/2020
Det. (from pictures) Ph. Clerc

Giulio Pandeli

Italy, Toscana, Colline del Chianti, oak wood
08/09/2020
Det. (from pictures) Ph. Clerc

Giulio Pandeli

Italy, Toscana, Colline del Chianti, oak wood
08/09/2020
Det. (from pictures) Ph. Clerc

Giulio Pandeli

Italy, Toscana, Colline del Chianti, oak wood
08/09/2020
Det. (from pictures) Ph. Clerc

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Usnea_esperantiana.htm

France, session AFL 2015 dans le Lot

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Usnea_esperantiana.htm

France, session AFL 2015 dans le Lot

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Usnea_esperantiana.htm

France, session AFL 2015 dans le Lot

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Usnea_esperantiana.htm

France, session AFL 2015 dans le Lot

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Usnea_esperantiana.htm

France, session AFL 2015 dans le Lot

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=443&lang=en

France, Cap de la Chèvre

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=443&lang=en

France, Crozon

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=443&lang=en

France, Crozon

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=443&lang=en

France, Crozon

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=443&lang=en

France, Kergoat

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=443&lang=en

France, Kergoat

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=443&lang=en

France, Landevennec

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=443&lang=en

France, Mousterlin

Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=443&lang=en

France, Cap de la Chèvre

Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=443&lang=en

France, Cap de la Chèvre

Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=443&lang=en

France, Cap de la Chèvre

Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=443&lang=en

France, Cap de la Chèvre

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