ITALIC 8.0

Usnea fulvoreagens (Räsänen) Räsänen

Lich. Fenn. Exs.: no. 13, 1935. Basionym: Usnea glabrescens var. fulvoreagens Räsänen - Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., A, 34, 4: 20, 1931.

Synonyms:

Distribution: N - Frl, Ven, Lomb (Alessio & al. 1995), Emil (Fariselli & al. 2020). C - Umb (Panfili 2000, Ravera & al. 2006), Sar (Zedda 2002, 2002b). S - Pugl (Thüs & Licht 2006).

Description: Thallus fruticose-filamentous, greenish, shrubby, branching mainly isotomic-dichotomously with divergent branches, 3-7(-10) cm long. Main branches with many ramifications along their whole length, cylindrical, <1 mm thick (rarely up to 1.5 mm), with conspicuous annular cracks exposing the medulla, not constricted at ramification points, the base black, without longitudinal cracks. Lateral branches not constricted at attachment point. Papillae and tubercles rare to numerous, most frequent on the main branches; fibrils usually numerous, arranged in a fishbone-like pattern, most frequent in the basal parts, 2-4(-10) mm long. Soralia rounded and discrete, deeply excavate, often reaching down to the central axis, occupying more than half the diameter of the branch, originating from cortex; isidiomorphs always absent. Cortex thick (10-13% of total thickness); medulla homogeneous, loose to compact, thin (12-26%), white; central axis white, rather thick (30-50%). Apothecia not observed in Italian material. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests and chemistry: cortex with usnic acid, K-, C-, P; medulla with different chemotypes: 1) with norstictic and stictic acids, and variable amounts of diffractaic acid (K+ pale yellow to reddish orange, P+ yellow to orange), by far the most frequent chemotype; 2) with norstictic and squamatic acids (K+ red, P+ orange); 3) without medullary substances (K-, P-). A further chemotype with salazinic and norstictic acid (K+ red, P+ yellow to orange), plus different accessory substances, has been reported from Scandinavia.

Note: on twigs and branches of conifers, more rarely of deciduous trees in cold-humid, open woodlands with frequent fog; chemically heterogeneous. Some Italian records could refer to U. perplexans. For further details see Lücking & al. (2020).

Growth form: Fruticose filamentous

Substrata: bark

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: rare

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: very rare

Submediterranean belt: absent

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: absent

Humid mediterranean belt: absent

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia

Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: University of Tartu

Estonia.
Herbarium: TU (31444)
2007/04/26
Bracelet-like soralia of U. fulvoreagens

Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: University of Tartu

Estonia.
Herbarium: TU (31444)
2007/04/26
Branches of U. fulvoreagens

Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu

Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu

Triin Aimla; Owner: University of Tartu

Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia

Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia

Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia

Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia

Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia

Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia

Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia

Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia

Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia

Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia

Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia