Usnea subscabrosa Motyka

Nyl. ex Motyka, Lich. Gen. Usnea Stud. Monogr., 2: 306, 1937.
Synonyms:
Distribution: C - Tosc, Umb (Ravera & al. 2006). S - Camp, Bas.
Description: Thallus fruticose-filamentous, greenish, stiff and shiny, shrubby to subpendulous, 3-7(-12) cm long, branching anisotomic to isotomic dichotomously with divergent branches. Main branches cylindrical, 0.5-1 mm thick, sometimes with inconspicuous, linear to elliptic pseudocyphellae, the base pale wine-red, dirty orange or greenish (rarely dark), with annular cracks. Lateral branches not constricted at attachment point. Papillae absent to abundant, verrucose, most frequent on main branches; tubercles with eroded apices; fibrils absent to numerous, 1-3 mm long, or 5-8(-10) mm long, irregularly distributed. Soralia punctiform to reaching half width of branch, orbicular, elliptic or irregular in outline, plane to convex, developing from cortex or from the top of eroded tubercles in the apical branches; isidiomorphs rare to frequent, 0.1-0.2 mm long, clustered and easily falling off. Cortex hard, vitreous in longitudinal section, very thick (11-23% of total branch thickness); medulla white, homogeneous, very compact, thin (6-16 %); central axis white, thick (35-50%). Apothecia not observed in Italian material. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: medulla K-, K+ yellowish slowly turning brown, or (very rarely) K+ intensely lemon yellow, C-, KC-, P+ yellow turning reddish orange or P-. Chemistry: cortex with usnic acid; medulla with either: 1) fumarprotocetraric and variable amounts of protocetraric acid (the only chemotype hitherto found in Italy), or 2) thamnolic acid; specimens without medullary substances have been reported from the Iberian Peninsula.
Note: a well-defined, mainly southwestern species in Europe, found both on basic siliceous rocks and on bark in humid situations, mostly in the upper montane belt, with a few records in Central and Southern Italy. It is included as “Regionally Extinct” in the Italian red list of epiphytic lichens (Nascimbene & al. 2013c).
Growth form: Fruticose filamentous
Substrata: bark and rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Poorly known taxon in need of further study

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: very rare
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples

Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia


Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia


Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia


Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=U&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=U&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=U&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=U&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=U&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=U&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=U&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=U&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=U&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=U&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=U&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=U&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan


Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife


Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife


Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife


Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife


Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife


Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife


Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife


Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife