Usnea wasmuthii Räsänen
Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., Ser.A, 34, 4: 19, 1931.
Synonyms:
Distribution: N - Lig. C - Tosc (Putortì & al. 1998), Umb (Panfili 2000, Ravera & al. 2006), Sar (Zedda 2002). S - Pugl (Thüs & Licht 2006), Si (Ottonello & Salone 1994, Ottonello & al. 1994, 2011, Ottonello & Romano 1997).
Description: Thallus fruticose-filamentous, greenish, shrubby to rarely subpendulous, 3-7(-10) cm long, richly isotomic dichotomously branching, with divergent branches. Main branches cylindrical-tapering, 0.6-1.8 mm thick, the base black, with a few transverse cracks and usually also with tiny, lenticular, longitudinally oriented cracks visible at high magnification. Lateral branches not constricted at attachment point. Papillae few to numerous on the main branches, verrucose; tubercles rare to abundant on the main branches; fibrils few to numerous, especially in basal parts, slender, 2-4 mm long. Soralia conspicuous, well delimited, at first punctiform, then lenticular and longitudinally oriented when mature, larger than half the branch diameter, flat (even with cortex) to more or less excavate, developing from cortex or from the top of eroded tubercles in the apical branches; isidiomorphs usually present on young punctiform soralia (abraded in older ones), but inconspicuous and difficult to observe, up to 0.15 mm long. Cortex moderately thick to thick (8-12% of the total branch thickness) matt to slightly shiny in longitudinal section; medulla thin (10-18%), dense to compact, white; central axis thick (43-60%), white; ratio axis/medulla 1.5–5.3. Apothecia not observed in Italian material. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests and chemistry: cortex with usnic acid, K-, C-, P-; medulla with 5 chemotypes (only main substances specified here): 1) with barbatic acid (K-, P-); 2) with salazinic acid (K+ red, P+ yellow to orange); 3) with both barbatic and salazinic acids (K+ red, P+ yellow to orange); 4) with thamnolic acid (K+ yellow, P+ orange); 5) without medullary substances (K-, P-); different accessory compounds (protocetraric, 4-O-demethylbarbatic, psoromic acids) may occur in chemotypes 1) and 2), and in addition squamatic acid in chemotype 4).Note: ecologically similar to U. florida, but more frequent at lower altitudes in warm-humid areas, such as in parts of Tyrrhenian Italy and in the Gargano Peninsula.
Growth form: Fruticose filamentous
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: very rare
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: rare
Humid mediterranean belt: very rare
Dry mediterranean belt: absent
Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[1771], Österreich, Tirol, Lauersbach, Weg am rechten Tuxbachufer, Madseit gegenüber, ca. 1450 m, an Larix. Leg. E. Putzler 24.7.1961, det. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[1771], Österreich, Tirol, Lauersbach, Weg am rechten Tuxbachufer, Madseit gegenüber, ca. 1450 m, an Larix. Leg. E. Putzler 24.7.1961, det. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[1771], Österreich, Tirol, Lauersbach, Weg am rechten Tuxbachufer, Madseit gegenüber, ca. 1450 m, an Larix. Leg. E. Putzler 24.7.1961, det. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[1771], Österreich, Tirol, Lauersbach, Weg am rechten Tuxbachufer, Madseit gegenüber, ca. 1450 m, an Larix. Leg. E. Putzler 24.7.1961, det. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[1771], Österreich, Tirol, Lauersbach, Weg am rechten Tuxbachufer, Madseit gegenüber, ca. 1450 m, an Larix. Leg. E. Putzler 24.7.1961, det. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[1771], Österreich, Tirol, Lauersbach, Weg am rechten Tuxbachufer, Madseit gegenüber, ca. 1450 m, an Larix. Leg. E. Putzler 24.7.1961, det. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[1771], Österreich, Tirol, Lauersbach, Weg am rechten Tuxbachufer, Madseit gegenüber, ca. 1450 m, an Larix. Leg. E. Putzler 24.7.1961, det. F. Schumm.
us: usnic acid, sa: salazinic acid, p: protocetraric acid (trace), conf. J.A. Elix
Growth form: Fruticose filamentous
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: very rare
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: rare
Humid mediterranean belt: very rare
Dry mediterranean belt: absent
Predictive model
| Herbarium samples |
Index Fungorum
GBIF
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[1771], Österreich, Tirol, Lauersbach, Weg am rechten Tuxbachufer, Madseit gegenüber, ca. 1450 m, an Larix. Leg. E. Putzler 24.7.1961, det. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[1771], Österreich, Tirol, Lauersbach, Weg am rechten Tuxbachufer, Madseit gegenüber, ca. 1450 m, an Larix. Leg. E. Putzler 24.7.1961, det. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[1771], Österreich, Tirol, Lauersbach, Weg am rechten Tuxbachufer, Madseit gegenüber, ca. 1450 m, an Larix. Leg. E. Putzler 24.7.1961, det. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[1771], Österreich, Tirol, Lauersbach, Weg am rechten Tuxbachufer, Madseit gegenüber, ca. 1450 m, an Larix. Leg. E. Putzler 24.7.1961, det. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[1771], Österreich, Tirol, Lauersbach, Weg am rechten Tuxbachufer, Madseit gegenüber, ca. 1450 m, an Larix. Leg. E. Putzler 24.7.1961, det. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[1771], Österreich, Tirol, Lauersbach, Weg am rechten Tuxbachufer, Madseit gegenüber, ca. 1450 m, an Larix. Leg. E. Putzler 24.7.1961, det. F. Schumm.
