ITALIC 8.0

Usnochroma carphineum (Fr.) Søchting, Arup & Frödén

in Arup & al., Nord. J. Bot., 31: 75, 2013. Basionym: Parmelia carphinea Fr. - Lichenogr. Eur. Ref.: 110, 1831.

Synonyms: Amphiloma carphineum (Fr.) Bagl.; Callopisma carphineum (Fr.) Trevis.; Caloplaca carphinea (Fr.) Jatta; Physcia carphinea (Fr.) A. Massal.; Squamaria carphinea (Fr.) Boistel

Distribution: N - Lig. C - Sar. S - Camp, Si (Grillo & Caniglia 2004).

Description: Thallus crustose-placodioid, episubstratic, yellowish green to yellowish white, 0.2-0.3 mm thick, rimose-areolate in central parts, distinctly lobed at margins, forming orbicular rosettes developing on a black hypothallus. Lobes 0.3-1.2 mm wide, flat, contiguous, somehow paler and slightly wider at tips. Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous, 20-40 µm thick, of rounded to angular, 3-5 µm wide cells; medulla white, compact. Apothecia zeorine, 0.3-0.8 mm across, semi-immersed to sessile, with a flat to slightly convex, rusty orange to orange-brown disc, a thin thalline margin, and often a dark parathecial ring. Epithecium orange-brown, K+ red; hymenium colourless, 90-110 µm high; paraphyses simple or sparingly branched in upper part, the apical cells slightly swollen; hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, clavate, functionally unitunicate, apically thickened with a broad internal beak, the inner part of apex and external cap I+ blue, Teloschistes-type. Ascospores 2-celled, polarilocular, hyaline, ellipsoid-elongate, 10-14 x 5-6 µm, the equatorial thickening (“septum”) 5-6 μm (1/3-1/2 of spore length). Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus K-, C- and KC- or C+ and KC+ pink, P-. Chemistry: usnic acid and variable amounts of gyrophoric acid in thallus; parietin and emodin in the epithecium.

Note: a subtropical to mild-temperate, mostly coastal lichen of hard siliceous rocks in exposed situations. The record from Piemonte by Isocrono & Falletti (1999), being dubious, is not accepted here.

Growth form: Crustose placodiomorph

Substrata: rocks

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Taxon bound to maritime-coastal situations

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: absent

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: absent

Submediterranean belt: absent

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: absent

Humid mediterranean belt: extremely rare

Dry mediterranean belt: extremely rare

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

Index Fungorum GBIF

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php (Courtesy: Anita Stridvall)

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (35709)
2003/01/22

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (35709)
2003/01/22
apothecia

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (35709)
2003/01/22
marginal lobes

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (20321)
2001/11/19

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/

Courtesy: Anita Stridvall

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/

Courtesy: Anita Stridvall

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/

Courtesy: Anita Stridvall