Varicellaria hemisphaerica (Flörke) I. Schmitt & Lumbsch

in Schmitt & al., MycoKeys, 4: 29, 2012. Basionym: Variolaria hemisphaerica Flörke - Deutsche Lich., 2, 2: 6, 1815.
Synonyms: Lecanora parella f. variolosa (Flot.) Anzi; Ochrolechia pallescens f. variolosa (Flot.) Jatta; Pertusaria hemisphaerica (Flörke) Erichsen; Pertusaria hibernica Erichsen; Pertusaria speciosa Høeg
Distribution: N - VG (Tretiach 1993), Frl (Tretiach 1993), Ven (Lazzarin 1997, Nascimbene & al. 2007, 2013b, Nascimbene 2008c), TAA (Nascimbene & Caniglia 2000, Nascimbene 2006b, 2008b, 2014, Nascimbene & al. 2014, 2022, Nascimbene & Marini 2015, Nimis & al. 2015, Trindade & al. 2021), Lomb, Piem (Matteucci & al. 2010), Emil (Nimis & al. 1996, Tretiach & al. 2008, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Putortì & al. 1999b, Giordani & al. 2002, Giordani 2006, Giordani & Incerti 2008). C - Tosc (Tretiach 1993, Tretiach & Nimis 1994, Loppi & De Dominicis 1996b, Loppi & al. 1997b, 1998, 2004c, Putortì & al. 1998, 1999, Putortì & Loppi 1999b, Senese & Critelli 2000, Laganà & al. 2002, Loppi & Frati 2006, Benesperi 2011, Frati & Brunialti 2023), Marc (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Umb (Ravera 2000, Ravera & al. 2006), Laz (Tretiach 1993, Ravera 2002, Massari & Ravera 2002, Zucconi & al. 2013), Abr (Stofer 2006, Caporale & al. 2016, Corona & al. 2016), Mol (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Caporale & al. 2008), Sar (Tretiach 1993, Zedda 1995, 2002b, Loi & al. 2000, Zedda & al. 2001, Rizzi & al. 2011, Di Nuzzo & al. 2022). S - Camp (Aprile & al. 2003b, Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Blasi & al. 2010, Brunialti & al. 2013, Ravera & Brunialti 2013, Catalano & al. 2016), Pugl (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Bas (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Cal (Tretiach 1993, Puntillo 1996, Incerti & Nimis 2006, Brackel & Puntillo 2023), Si (Nimis & al. 1994, Ottonello & Romano 1997, Grillo 1998, Grillo & Caniglia 2004, Caniglia & Grillo 2006b, Grillo & Cataldo 2008, Liistro & Cataldo 2011).
Description: Thallus crustose, rather thick, white-grey to pale grey, often with a bluish tinge, smooth to cracked or slightly warted, sometimes wrinkled, forming large patches delimited by a white, rarely brownish, often zoned prothallus. Soralia rounded, 0.8-1.5(-2) mm across, usually discrete and strongly convex, sometimes coalescing when old, especially in central parts of thallus, white to pale green-grey; soralia granular, 40-100 μm in diam. Cortex thin, cartilaginous, paraplectenchymatous, of thick-walled, agglutinated hyphae; medulla white, of periclinally arranged hyphae. Apothecia unknown. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus K-, C-, KC-, P; soralia K-, C+ carmine red; KC+ red, P-, UV+ bluish white. Chemistry: lecanoric acid (major), sometimes with additional variolaric acid.
Note: a mild-temperate species found on old deciduous trees, mainly oaks, in open forests, widespread throughout the country but not common, with optimum below the montane belt. For further details see Kosecka & Oset (2024).
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: very rare
Submediterranean belt: rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: rather rare
Humid mediterranean belt: very rare
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF


P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (31541)
2001/12/10


Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php


Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu



E. Pittao; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (TSB 14822)
20.10.2009


Leif Stridvall - Source http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/; Owner: Courtesy: Anita Stridvall


Leif Stridvall - Source http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/; Owner: Courtesy: Anita Stridvall


Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=686&lang=en
France, Forêt d'Iraty sur Fagus


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=686&lang=en
France, Forêt d'Iraty sur Fagus


Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=686&lang=en
France, Huelgoat


Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=686&lang=en
France, Huelgoat


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
On Pinus halepensis/brutia. Soralia C+ red, KC+ red, Pd-. SE Europe; N-Cyprus; SE of Girne; Beşparmak Mountains; between Alevkaya and Antiphonitis Monastery