Variospora flavescens (Huds.) Arup, Frödén & Søchting

in Arup & al., Nord. J. Bot., 31: 75, 2013. Basionym: Lichen flavescens Huds. - Fl. Angl., ed. 2, 2: 445, 1762.
Synonyms: Amphiloma heppianum Müll. Arg.; Caloplaca brevilobata (Nyl.) Zahlbr.; Caloplaca flavescens (Huds.) J.R. Laundon; Caloplaca heppiana (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr.; Caloplaca sympagea (Ach.) Sandst.; Gasparrinia heppiana (Müll. Arg.) Verseghy; Klauderuiella flavescens (Huds.) S. Y. Kondr. & J.-S. Hur; Lecanora heppiana (Müll. Arg.) Hue; Lecanora sympagea Ach.; Physcia callopisma var. centroleuca A. Massal.; Physcia heppiana (Müll. Arg.) Arnold; Physcia murorum var. centrifuga A. Massal.; Physcia murorum var. detrita A. Massal.; Placodium callopismum var. brevilobatum (Nyl.) A.L. Sm.; Placodium callopismum var. plicatum (Wedd.) Leight.; Placodium flavescens (Huds.) A.L. Sm.; Placodium heppianum (Müll. Arg.) Flagey
Distribution: N - VG (Castello 2002, Martellos & Castello 2004, Tretiach & al. 2007b), Frl (Nimis & Salvadori 1998, Nascimbene & al. 2009b), Ven (Caniglia & al. 1993, Lazzarin 2000b, Nascimbene & Marini 2007), TAA (Spitale & Nascimbene 2012), Lomb (Realini & al. 1994, Gheza 2019b), Piem (Isocrono & al. 2004, Morisi 2005, Gazzano & al. 2009, 2009b), VA (Piervittori & Isocrono 1999), Emil (Scarpa 1993, Nimis & al. 1996, Bouvet 2008, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Valcuvia & al. 2000). C - Tosc (Tretiach & Nimis 1994, Benesperi 2000a, 2006, 2011, Lastrucci & al. 2009, Paoli & al. 2014b), Marc (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Tretiach & Pinna 2000), Umb (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Panfili 2000b, 2003, Ravera & al. 2006, Genovesi 2011), Laz (Bartoli 1997b, Bartoli & al. 1998, Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Genovesi & al. 2011), Abr (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Caporale & al. 2016), Mol (Garofalo & al. 1999, Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Caporale & al. 2008, Genovesi & Ravera 2014), Sar (Rizzi & al. 2011, Neuwirth 2018, Brackel & Berger 2019). S - Camp (Garofalo & al. 1999, 2010, Aprile & al. 2002, 2003b, Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Catalano & al. 2016), Pugl (Garofalo & al. 1999, Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Durini & Medagli 2002, Macchione 2006, Brackel 2011, Gianfreda & Matino 2020), Bas (Bartoli & Puntillo 1998, Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Brackel 2011), Cal (Puntillo 1996), Si (Nimis & al. 1994, 1996b, Ottonello & Salone 1994, Ottonello & al. 1994, Ottonello 1996, Poli & al. 1996, 1997, Schicchi & al. 1997, Grillo 1998, Caniglia & Grillo 2001, 2005, 2006, Grillo & al. 2001, 2002, 2009, Di Benedetto & al. 2002, Grillo & Caniglia 2004, Brackel 2008b, 2008c, Gianguzzi & al. 2009, Liistro & Cataldo 2011, Cataldo & Cannavò 2014, Di Martino & Stancanelli 2015, Puglisi & Cataldo 2019, Campisi & al. 2020, Ravera & al. 2023b).
Description: Thallus crustose-placodioid, episubstratic, yellow to more rarely yellow-orange, sometimes with a whitish-necrotic ring in the middle part, usually epruinose, forming regular, up to 6(-8) cm wide rosettes, areolate in central part, with convex, usually not overlapping, 0.4-1.3(-1.5) mm wide, radiating marginal lobes. Cortex orange in upper part, loosely paraplectenchymatous, overlain by a continuous to patchy layer of an amorphous extracellular substance obscuring the cells below the orange layer; medulla white, prosoplectenchymatous, without crystals. Apothecia common in central parts of thallus, up to 1.5 mm across, sessile, with a usually flat, epruinose, orange disc and a yellow to orange, smooth, persistent margin, often becoming convex and immarginate when old. Epithecium golden brown, K+ red; hymenium and hypothecium colourless, the latter with numerous oil droplets; paraphyses 1-2 μm wide at base, c. 3 μm at apex, slender, simple or sparingly branched in upper part. hyaline, very variable, Ascospores 2-celled, polarilocular, hyaline, lemon-shaped to rhomboid, (8-)11-14(-17) x (5-)6-10(-11) μm, the equatorial thickening (“septum”) 3-5 μm (c. 1/3 of spore length). Pycnidia frequent on lobes, darker orange than thallus, immersed. Conidia bacilliform, simple, straight, colourless, 3.5-5.5(-7.5) x c. 1 μm. Spot tests: thallus and apothecia K+ red, C-, KC-, P-. Chemistry: thallus and apothecia with parietin (major), fallacinal, emodin, teloschistin and parietinic acid (minor), corresponding with chemosyndrome A of Søchting (1997).
Note: a mainly temperate, common species found on limestone, dolomite, calciferous sandstone, sometimes also on man-made substrata such as brick, mortar and roofing tiles, on walls, monuments etc., somehow less helio- and xerophytic than the closely related V. aurantia, sometimes ascending to above treeline in the mountains of Southern Italy.
Growth form: Crustose placodiomorph
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: rather rare
Submediterranean belt: extremely common
Padanian area: rather common
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely common
Humid mediterranean belt: rather rare
Dry mediterranean belt: rare

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples


Pier Luigi Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Rocca di Monrupino
07/07/2016



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (31953)
2001/11/19



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (26564)
2001/12/04
detail of marginal lobes



P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (38177)
2008.02.23



Tomi Trilar; Owner: Slovenian Museum of Natural History
Croatia, Island Šolta
26.08,2007


Giovanni Mayer; Owner: Giovanni Mayer
Italy, Campania, Napoli, Napoli, Parco Virgiliano
2010


Antonio Valero; Owner: Antonio Valero
Spain
2010



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Rocca di Monrupino (Rupingrande)
07.07.2016



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Rocca di Monrupino (Rupingrande)
07.07.2016



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Rocca di Monrupino (Rupingrande)
07.07.2016


Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php (Courtesy: Anita Stridvall)



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Conconello
14/02/2017



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Conconello
14/02/2017



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Triedte
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Rocca di Monrupino
20/02/2017



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Triedte
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Rocca di Monrupino
20/02/2017



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Triedte
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Rocca di Monrupino
20/02/2017



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Triedte
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Rocca di Monrupino
20/02/2017



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[16676], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Reutlingen, Gundelfingen, auf sonnigen Kalkfelsen, 48,322731° N, 9,50123° E, 610 m. Leg Schumm 10.09.2010



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[11694], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Blaubeuren, an Kalkfelsen im Hangbuchenwald bei der Brillenhöhle, schattig, 48°24,289’ N, 9°46,687’ E, 600 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 26.5.2004



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[11694], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Blaubeuren, an Kalkfelsen im Hangbuchenwald bei der Brillenhöhle, schattig, 48°24,289’ N, 9°46,687’ E, 600 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 26.5.2004



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[11694], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Blaubeuren, an Kalkfelsen im Hangbuchenwald bei der Brillenhöhle, schattig, 48°24,289’ N, 9°46,687’ E, 600 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 26.5.2004



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[16676], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Reutlingen, Gundelfingen, auf sonnigen Kalkfelsen, 48,322731° N, 9,50123° E, 610 m. Leg Schumm 10.09.2010.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[16676], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Reutlingen, Gundelfingen, auf sonnigen Kalkfelsen, 48,322731° N, 9,50123° E, 610 m. Leg Schumm 10.09.2010.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[16676], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Reutlingen, Gundelfingen, auf sonnigen Kalkfelsen, 48,322731° N, 9,50123° E, 610 m. Leg Schumm 10.09.2010.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[16676], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Reutlingen, Gundelfingen, auf sonnigen Kalkfelsen, 48,322731° N, 9,50123° E, 610 m. Leg Schumm 10.09.2010.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[16676], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Reutlingen, Gundelfingen, auf sonnigen Kalkfelsen, 48,322731° N, 9,50123° E, 610 m. Leg Schumm 10.09.2010.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[16676], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Reutlingen, Gundelfingen, auf sonnigen Kalkfelsen, 48,322731° N, 9,50123° E, 610 m. Leg Schumm 10.09.2010.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[11694], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Blaubeuren, an Kalkfelsen im Hangbuchenwald bei der Brillenhöhle, schattig, 48°24,289’ N, 9°46,687’ E, 600 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 26.5.2004.



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[11694], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Blaubeuren, an Kalkfelsen im Hangbuchenwald bei der Brillenhöhle, schattig, 48°24,289’ N, 9°46,687’ E, 600 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 26.5.2004.



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[11694], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Blaubeuren, an Kalkfelsen im Hangbuchenwald bei der Brillenhöhle, schattig, 48°24,289’ N, 9°46,687’ E, 600 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 26.5.2004.



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[11694], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Blaubeuren, an Kalkfelsen im Hangbuchenwald bei der Brillenhöhle, schattig, 48°24,289’ N, 9°46,687’ E, 600 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 26.5.2004.



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[11694], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Blaubeuren, an Kalkfelsen im Hangbuchenwald bei der Brillenhöhle, schattig, 48°24,289’ N, 9°46,687’ E, 600 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 26.5.2004.



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[11694], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Blaubeuren, an Kalkfelsen im Hangbuchenwald bei der Brillenhöhle, schattig, 48°24,289’ N, 9°46,687’ E, 600 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 26.5.2004.



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[11694], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Blaubeuren, an Kalkfelsen im Hangbuchenwald bei der Brillenhöhle, schattig, 48°24,289’ N, 9°46,687’ E, 600 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 26.5.2004.



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[11694], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Blaubeuren, an Kalkfelsen im Hangbuchenwald bei der Brillenhöhle, schattig, 48°24,289’ N, 9°46,687’ E, 600 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 26.5.2004.



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[11694], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Blaubeuren, an Kalkfelsen im Hangbuchenwald bei der Brillenhöhle, schattig, 48°24,289’ N, 9°46,687’ E, 600 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 26.5.2004.



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[11694], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Blaubeuren, an Kalkfelsen im Hangbuchenwald bei der Brillenhöhle, schattig, 48°24,289’ N, 9°46,687’ E, 600 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 26.5.2004.



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16676], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Reutlingen, Gundelfingen, auf sonnigen Kalkfelsen, 48,322731° N, 9,50123° E, 610 m. Leg Schumm 10.09.2010.



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16676], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Reutlingen, Gundelfingen, auf sonnigen Kalkfelsen, 48,322731° N, 9,50123° E, 610 m. Leg Schumm 10.09.2010.



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16676], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Reutlingen, Gundelfingen, auf sonnigen Kalkfelsen, 48,322731° N, 9,50123° E, 610 m. Leg Schumm 10.09.2010.



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16676], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Reutlingen, Gundelfingen, auf sonnigen Kalkfelsen, 48,322731° N, 9,50123° E, 610 m. Leg Schumm 10.09.2010.



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16676], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Reutlingen, Gundelfingen, auf sonnigen Kalkfelsen, 48,322731° N, 9,50123° E, 610 m. Leg Schumm 10.09.2010.



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16676], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Reutlingen, Gundelfingen, auf sonnigen Kalkfelsen, 48,322731° N, 9,50123° E, 610 m. Leg Schumm 10.09.2010.



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16676], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Reutlingen, Gundelfingen, auf sonnigen Kalkfelsen, 48,322731° N, 9,50123° E, 610 m. Leg Schumm 10.09.2010.



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16676], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Reutlingen, Gundelfingen, auf sonnigen Kalkfelsen, 48,322731° N, 9,50123° E, 610 m. Leg Schumm 10.09.2010.



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16676], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Reutlingen, Gundelfingen, auf sonnigen Kalkfelsen, 48,322731° N, 9,50123° E, 610 m. Leg Schumm 10.09.2010.



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16676], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Reutlingen, Gundelfingen, auf sonnigen Kalkfelsen, 48,322731° N, 9,50123° E, 610 m. Leg Schumm 10.09.2010.



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16676], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Reutlingen, Gundelfingen, auf sonnigen Kalkfelsen, 48,322731° N, 9,50123° E, 610 m. Leg Schumm 10.09.2010.



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16676], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Reutlingen, Gundelfingen, auf sonnigen Kalkfelsen, 48,322731° N, 9,50123° E, 610 m. Leg Schumm 10.09.2010.



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16676], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Reutlingen, Gundelfingen, auf sonnigen Kalkfelsen, 48,322731° N, 9,50123° E, 610 m. Leg Schumm 10.09.2010.



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16676], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Reutlingen, Gundelfingen, auf sonnigen Kalkfelsen, 48,322731° N, 9,50123° E, 610 m. Leg Schumm 10.09.2010.



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16676], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Kreis Reutlingen, Gundelfingen, auf sonnigen Kalkfelsen, 48,322731° N, 9,50123° E, 610 m. Leg Schumm 10.09.2010.


Giulio Pandeli
Italy, Toscana



Pier Luigi Nimis - Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 37176



Pier Luigi Nimis - Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 37176


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_V/Texte_V/Variospora_flavescens.htm
France, session AFL 2015 dans le Lot


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_V/Texte_V/Variospora_flavescens.htm
France, session AFL 2015 dans le Lot


Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=224&lang=en
France, Brest


Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=224&lang=en
France, Brest


Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=224&lang=en
France, Brest


Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=224&lang=en
France, Brest


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=224&lang=en
Belgium, Nismes


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=224&lang=en
Belgium, Nismes


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=224&lang=en
Belgium, Nismes


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=224&lang=en
Belgium, Nismes


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=224&lang=en
France, Argol


Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Pimiango, alrededores de la cueva del Pindal (Ribadedeva-Asturias), 11-XII-2021, en rocas calizas, leg. & det. M. González, ERD-9146.


Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Pimiango, alrededores de la cueva del Pindal (Ribadedeva-Asturias), 11-XII-2021, en rocas calizas, leg. & det. M. González, ERD-9146.


Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Pimiango, alrededores de la cueva del Pindal (Ribadedeva-Asturias), 11-XII-2021, en rocas calizas, leg. & det. M. González, ERD-9146.


Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Pimiango, alrededores de la cueva del Pindal (Ribadedeva-Asturias), 11-XII-2021, en rocas calizas, leg. & det. M. González, ERD-9146.


Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Pimiango, alrededores de la cueva del Pindal (Ribadedeva-Asturias), 11-XII-2021, en rocas calizas, leg. & det. M. González, ERD-9146.