Verrucaria aquatilis Mudd
Man. Brit. Lich.: 285, 1861.
Synonyms: Bachmannia maurula (Müll. Arg.) Zschacke; Verrucaria aquatilis var. aerimontana Servít; Verrucaria atroviridis Servít ex J. Nowak & Tobol.; Verrucaria maurula Müll. Arg.; Verrucaria retecta Zschacke; Verrucaria vitricola Nyl.?
Distribution: N - Ven (Nascimbene & Nimis 2007, Thor & Nascimbene 2007, Nascimbene 2008, Nascimbene & al. 2008b, 2009), TAA (Nascimbene & al. 2007b). C - Sar (Nascimbene & al. 2023). S - Cal (Puntillo 1996).
Description: Thallus crustose, episubstratic, 10-55 μm thick, black, blackish-green or brown-black when dry, black to dark green when wet, continuous or indistinctly and irregularly rimose, subgelatinous when wet, without a clear prothallus. Cortex with a greenish brown to dull brown pigment; medulla white or patchily pigmented, without a black basal layer. Perithecia (0.1-)0.2-0.3 mm across, forming low conical-hemispherical projections, covered at least when young by a thalline layer, the ostiole inconspicuous. Involucrellum conical, 140-430 μm in diam., extending laterally within the thallus, often reaching to base-level, the pigment red-brown, K+ grey; exciple 80-130 x 80-150 μm, the wall colourless or very pale brown, except the part around the ostiole which is often dull blue-grey or blue-green; hamathecium of periphysoids, interascal filaments absent; hymenial gel hemiamyloid, I+ red (I+ blue at very low concentrations of I), K/I+ blue. Asci 8-spored, clavate, I-, fissitunicate, the wall thickened above, with an ocular chamber, dehiscent by extrusion of an endotunica to form a delicate rostrum, Verrucaria-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, broadly ellipsoid, (4-)6-9(-11) x (4-)5-7(-9.3) μm. Photobiont chlorococcoid (Dilabifilum), the cells irregularly dispersed or rarely arranged in vertical columns. Spot tests: K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV-. Chemistry: without lichen substances.
Note: distinguished from other freshwater species by the thin blackish thallus and the very small, broadly ellipsoid ascospores (see Krzewicka 2012, Orange 2013, Thüs et al. 2011, Orange & al. 2023), this species grows on siliceous or calcareous rocks submerged in cold creeks; probably overlooked, like many amphibious lichens in Italy.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Periodically submerged (e.g. in creeks)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: very rare
Oromediterranean belt: very rare
Montane belt: rare
Submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent
Predictive model
Herbarium samples
J. Nascimbene CC BY-SA 4.0
Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Veneto, Belluno, Vincheto di Celarda, Feltre
2007
Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Veneto, Belluno, Vincheto di Celarda, Feltre
2007
Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Veneto, Belluno, Vincheto di Celarda, Feltre
2007
Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Veneto, Belluno, Vincheto di Celarda, Feltre
2007
Author: André Aptroot - Source: http://www.tropicallichens.net/ CC BY-SA-NC
Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Veneto, Belluno, Vincheto di Celarda, Feltre
2007
Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=526&lang=en
France, Landevennec
Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=526&lang=en
France, Landevennec
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=526&lang=en
France, Landevennec
Zschacke, H. (1934) Epigloeaceae, Verrucariaceae und Dermatocarpaceae. In: Dr. L. Rabenhorst‘s Kryptogamen-Flora, Band 9, Abt. 1, Teil 1. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig, 695 pp. - Public Domain
Source: Servít M. 1954a. Lichenes familiae Verrucariacearum. Prag, 249 pp.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Periodically submerged (e.g. in creeks)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: very rare
Oromediterranean belt: very rare
Montane belt: rare
Submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent
Predictive model
| Herbarium samples |
INDEX FUNGORUM
GBIF
DOLICHENS
J. Nascimbene CC BY-SA 4.0
Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Veneto, Belluno, Vincheto di Celarda, Feltre
2007
Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Veneto, Belluno, Vincheto di Celarda, Feltre
2007
Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Veneto, Belluno, Vincheto di Celarda, Feltre
2007
Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Veneto, Belluno, Vincheto di Celarda, Feltre
2007
Author: André Aptroot - Source: http://www.tropicallichens.net/ CC BY-SA-NC
Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Veneto, Belluno, Vincheto di Celarda, Feltre
2007
Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=526&lang=en
France, Landevennec
Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=526&lang=en
France, Landevennec
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=526&lang=en
France, Landevennec
Zschacke, H. (1934) Epigloeaceae, Verrucariaceae und Dermatocarpaceae. In: Dr. L. Rabenhorst‘s Kryptogamen-Flora, Band 9, Abt. 1, Teil 1. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig, 695 pp. - Public Domain
