Verrucaria furfuracea (B. de Lesd.) Breuss

Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, 3: 354, 2007. Basionym: Verrucaria macrostoma DC. f. furfuracea B. de Lesd. - Rev. Bryol. Lichénol., 18: 71, 1949.
Synonyms: Verrucaria furfuracea (B. de Lesd.) Breuss; Verrucaria macrostoma DC. f. furfuracea B. de Lesd.; Verrucaria macrostoma var. imbricum Garov.; Verrucaria tectorum auct. p.p.
Distribution: N - Frl (TSB s.n.)
Description: Thallus crustose, episubstratic, well-developed, up to several cm wide, 0.25-0.4 mm thick, ochraceous grey or pale to mid-brown, areolate, the areoles 0.5-1 mm wide, the margins with abundant, yellowish to pale brown, 20-45 μm thick, simple or sometimes branched isidioid blastidia. Cortex up to 20 µm thick, sometimes reduced to a single layer of cells, overlain by an up to 30 μm thick epinecral layer; algal layer 100–150 μm thick; medulla white to patchily brownish, not forming a black basal layer. Perithecia very rare, black, immersed in the areoles with the apical part more or less emergent, the projecting part narrowly covered by the thallus, the apex naked, convex. Involucrellum well-developed, appressed to exciple, reaching at least half-way to the base, broadening to 75-100 µm toward the base; exciple broadly pyriform with a short conical neck, 0.3-0.35 mm across, the wall colourless to brown, c. 25 µm thick; hamathecium of branched and anastomosing, 35-50 µm long periphysoids, interascal filaments absent; hymenial gel hemiamyloid, I+ red (I+ blue at very low concentrations of I), K/I+ blue. Asci 8-spored, clavate, I-, fissitunicate, the wall thickened above, with an ocular chamber, dehiscent by extrusion of an endotunica to form a delicate rostrum, Verrucaria-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, 20-27 x 11-13 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV-. Chemistry: without lichen substances.
Note: a much misunderstood calcicolous species, closely related to V. macrostoma (see Roux & coll. 2025). According ro Breuss & Berger (2010) it seems to have the optimum in more or less montane situations.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Poorly known taxon in need of further study

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: very rare
Submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
DOLICHENS

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_V/Texte_V/Verrucaria_macrostoma.htm
France, Poleymieux-au-Mont d’Or, alt. 450 m - Rhône
3/8/2015


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_V/Texte_V/Verrucaria_macrostoma.htm
France, 3/8/2015 - Poleymieux-au-Mont d’Or, alt. 450 m - Rhône


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_V/Texte_V/Verrucaria_macrostoma.htm
France, 3/8/2015 - Poleymieux-au-Mont d’Or, alt. 450 m - Rhône


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_V/Texte_V/Verrucaria_macrostoma.htm
France, 3/8/2015 - Poleymieux-au-Mont d’Or, alt. 450 m - Rhône


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_V/Texte_V/Verrucaria_macrostoma.htm
France, 3/8/2015 - Poleymieux-au-Mont d’Or, alt. 450 m - Rhône



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 21897


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=514&lang=en
France, Lanveoc


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=981&lang=en
France, Postolonnec
sur beton


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=981&lang=en
France, Postolonnec
sur beton


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=981&lang=en
France, Postolonnec
sur beton


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=981&lang=en
France, Postolonnec
sur beton


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=981&lang=en
France, Postolonnec
sur beton


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=981&lang=en
France, Postolonnec
sur beton