Verrucaria murina Leight.

Verrucaria murina Leight.

Angioc. Lich.: 59, 1851.

Synonyms: Amphoridium myriocarpum (Hepp ex Lönnr.) Servít; Verrucaria brachyspora Arnold?; Verrucaria myriocarpa Hepp ex Lönnr.; Verrucaria pazientii A. Massal.?

Distribution: N - Ven (Caniglia & al. 1999, Lazzarin 2000b), TAA, Lomb, Emil (Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Giordani & al. 2016). C - Tosc, Umb (Genovesi & Ravera 2001, Ravera & al. 2006), Sar (Rizzi & al. 2011).

Description: Thallus crustose, endosubstratic or hemiendosubstratic, grey, grey-brown or pale olive-brown, rarely dark brown, forming small flecks and patches, often with a thin dark prothallus but not forming mosaics. Cortex differentiated into a lithocortex, densely prosoplectenchymatous, up to 20-30 μm thick; algal layer discontinuous, 80-120 μm thick, the algal cells in clusters; medulla prosoplectenchymatous, thin, not forming a black basal layer. Perithecia numerous, black, very small, 0.12-0.2(-0.28) mm across, forming moderate to prominent projections, the apex often flattened or slightly concave, with an often paler ostiole, the base not covered by thallus. Involucrellum appressed to exciple and scarcely distinguishable from it, or appressed in upper part and spreading in lower part, reaching to base-level; exciple up to 0.2 mm across, black; hamathecium of 20-25 μm long periphysoids, interascal filaments absent; hymenial gel hemiamyloid, I+ red (I+ blue at very low concentrations of I), K/I+ blue. Asci 8-spored, clavate, I-, fissitunicate, the wall thickened above, with an ocular chamber, dehiscent by extrusion of an endotunica to form a delicate rostrum, Verrucaria-type, 45-50 x 15-20 μm. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, (13.5-)18-24(-28.5) x (6-)8-12(-14) μm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV-. Chemistry: without lichen substances.

Note: on limestone and dolomite in upland areas. According to Orange (2013) the epithet murina has been used for widely different species, and the entire complex needs revision. Earlier records from Southern Italy (see Nimis 1993: 745), being dubious, are not accepted here.

Growth form: Crustose endolithic

Substrata: rocks

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Poorly known taxon in need of further study

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: very rare

Subalpine belt: very rare

Oromediterranean belt: extremely rare

Montane belt: very rare

Submediterranean belt: extremely rare

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: extremely rare

Humid mediterranean belt: absent

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[19317], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Waldgebiet 2.3 km nordwestlich von Wangen, 48.74312° N, 9.58412 ° E, 455 m, auf feuchten, am Boden liegenden Sandsteinchen auf dem Brosenholzweg. Leg. F. Schumm 09.04.2015, det F. Schumm 2015

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[19317], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Waldgebiet 2.3 km nordwestlich von Wangen, 48.74312° N, 9.58412 ° E, 455 m, auf feuchten, am Boden liegenden Sandsteinchen auf dem Brosenholzweg. Leg. F. Schumm 09.04.2015, det F. Schumm 2015

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[19317], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Waldgebiet 2.3 km nordwestlich von Wangen, 48.74312° N, 9.58412 ° E, 455 m, auf feuchten, am Boden liegenden Sandsteinchen auf dem Brosenholzweg. Leg. F. Schumm 09.04.2015, det F. Schumm 2015

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[19317], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Waldgebiet 2.3 km nordwestlich von Wangen, 48.74312° N, 9.58412 ° E, 455 m, auf feuchten, am Boden liegenden Sandsteinchen auf dem Brosenholzweg. Leg. F. Schumm 09.04.2015, det F. Schumm 2015

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[19317], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Waldgebiet 2.3 km nordwestlich von Wangen, 48.74312° N, 9.58412 ° E, 455 m, auf feuchten, am Boden liegenden Sandsteinchen auf dem Brosenholzweg. Leg. F. Schumm 09.04.2015, det F. Schumm 2015

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[19317], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Waldgebiet 2.3 km nordwestlich von Wangen, 48.74312° N, 9.58412 ° E, 455 m, auf feuchten, am Boden liegenden Sandsteinchen auf dem Brosenholzweg. Leg. F. Schumm 09.04.2015, det F. Schumm 2015

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[19317], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Waldgebiet 2.3 km nordwestlich von Wangen, 48.74312° N, 9.58412 ° E, 455 m, auf feuchten, am Boden liegenden Sandsteinchen auf dem Brosenholzweg. Leg. F. Schumm 09.04.2015, det F. Schumm 2015

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[19317], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Waldgebiet 2.3 km nordwestlich von Wangen, 48.74312° N, 9.58412 ° E, 455 m, auf feuchten, am Boden liegenden Sandsteinchen auf dem Brosenholzweg. Leg. F. Schumm 09.04.2015, det F. Schumm 2015

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_V/Texte_V/Verrucaria_murina.htm

France, session AFL 2015 - Saint-Sozy - Lot

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_V/Texte_V/Verrucaria_murina.htm

France, session AFL 2015 - Saint-Sozy - Lot

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[ABL18136], Brazil, Sergipe, Parque National Serra de Itabaiana. 10°44'35'' S, 37°20'25'' W, 400 m. On quarzite rock. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot, (no. 18136), 27 July 2013, det. A. Aptroot 2013.

Zschacke, H. (1934) Epigloeaceae, Verrucariaceae und Dermatocarpaceae. In: Dr. L. Rabenhorst‘s Kryptogamen-Flora, Band 9, Abt. 1, Teil 1. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig, 695 pp. - Public Domain

Spurce: Leighton, Brit. Sp. Ang. Lich.: 44 (1851)

Public Domain

Source: Servít M. 1950b. The new lichens of the Pyrenocarpae-group III. Studia Bot. Cechoslov. 11, (1-2): 7-41.

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