Verrucaria xyloxena Norman

Bot. Not.: 87, 1867.
Synonyms: Involucrothele velutinoides (Hellb.) Servít; Thelidium velutinoides (Hellb.) Servít; Verrucaria acrotella f. terrestris Arnold; Verrucaria floerkei Trevis.; Verrucaria melaenella Vain. non auct.; Verrucaria terrestris (Arnold) Vain. non (Th. Fr.) Tuck.; Verrucaria velutinoides Hellb.
Distribution: N - TAA (Nascimbene & al. 2022).
Description: Thallus crustose, episubstratic, brown to blackish brown, thin, verrucose, sometimes surrounded by a brown prothallus, composed of 15-35 µm wide goniocysts surrounded by a brownish hyphal coat, the cells isodiametrical to oblong, thick-walled. Perithecia frequent, brownish black to black, globose to broadly ovoid, 0.15-0.25 mm across, immersed, the upper part projecting, not flattened at the top. Involucrellum absent; exciple dark-carbonaceous throughout, without a hyaline outer layer; hamathecium of branched, 25-35 µm long periphysoids, interascal filaments absent; hymenial gel hemiamyloid, I+ red (I+ blue at very low concentrations of I), K/I+ blue. Asci 8-spored, clavate, I-, fissitunicate, the wall thickened above, with a small ocular chamber, dehiscent by extrusion of an endotunica to form a delicate rostrum, Verrucaria-type, 50-60(-75) x 16-21 μm. Ascospores 1-celled (overmature spores sometimes 1-septate), hyaline, ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid, (13.5-)15-21(-27) x (5.5-)6-9(-11) µm, 2-4 times as long as wide, without gelatinous appendages. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV-. Chemistry: without lichen substances.
Note: on calciferous soil, often associated with acrocarpous mosses, rarely on dust-impregnated wood, mostly in upland areas but usually below the Alpine belt; easily overlooked, and perhaps more widespread in the Alps. For further information see Orange (1991), Krzewicka (2012) and Pykälä & al. (2019).
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: soil, terricolous mosses, and plant debris
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: rare
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: very rare
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
INDEX FUNGORUM GBIF DOLICHENS


P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
GZU (10-94)



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: GZU (10-94)
2003/04/28


Source: https://nhm2.uio.no/typephotos/lichens/arkiv/O-L-001056d.jpg
NORWAY, TROMS, TROMSØ: ad insulam Tromsö, ., Norman, J.M. - ISOTYPE


Source: https://www.europeana.eu/en/item/840/NHMUKXBOTXBM001106814
Thelidium xyloxenum (Norman) Norman - The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom - CC BY.


Zschacke, H. (1934) Epigloeaceae, Verrucariaceae und Dermatocarpaceae. In: Dr. L. Rabenhorst‘s Kryptogamen-Flora, Band 9, Abt. 1, Teil 1. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig, 695 pp. - Public Domain


Source: Servit, M 1949: Nove nebo mene zname druhy lisejnikove celedi Verrucariaceae. Species Verrucariacearum (Lichenes) novae vel minus cognitae. - Sbornik Narodniho Musea v Praze 5(9): 1-51. Tab.3 - Public Domain
as "xylogena"


Source: Servít M. 1950b. The new lichens of the Pyrenocarpae-group III. Studia Bot. Cechoslov. 11, (1-2): 7-41.
as Thelidium velutinoides


Source: Servít M. 1950b. The new lichens of the Pyrenocarpae-group III. Studia Bot. Cechoslov. 11, (1-2): 7-41.
as Thelidium x.