Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ach.) Hale

Phytologia, 28: 485, 1974. Basionym: Lichen conspersus Ehrh. ex Ach. - Lichenogr. Suec. Prodr.: 118, 1799.
Synonyms: Imbricaria conspersa (Ach.) DC.; Imbricaria conspersa var. coralloidea Hazsl.; Imbricaria conspersa var. isidiata Anzi; Imbricaria conspersa var. munda Hazsl.; Parmelia bakonyensis Gyeln.; Parmelia bohemica Gyeln.; Parmelia centrifuga var. conspersa (Ach.) Schaer.; Parmelia conspersa (Ach.) Ach.; Parmelia conspersa f. dispersa Mereschk.; Parmelia conspersa f. heteroclyta Mereschk.; Parmelia conspersa f. munda (Harm.) Zahlbr.; Parmelia conspersa subsp. digitulata Nyl.; Parmelia conspersa var. isidiata (Anzi) E.C. Berry; Parmelia conspersa var. tatrensis Suza; Parmelia isidiata (Anzi) Gyeln.; Parmelia lojkana Gyeln.; Parmelia subconspersa Nyl.
Distribution: N - VG (Giordani & al. 2002b, Castello 2002, Martellos & Castello 2004, Tretiach & al. 2007b), Frl (Giordani & al. 2002b), Ven (Caniglia & al. 1999, Giordani & al. 2002b), TAA (Triebel & Rambold 1995, Hafellner 2001, Giordani & al. 2002b, Nascimbene 2005b, 2006c, Lang 2009, Brackel 2013, Nascimbene & al. 2022), Lomb (Rivellini 1994, Giordani & al. 2002b, Valcuvia & al. 2003, Dalle Vedove & al. 2004, De Vita & Valcuvia 2004, Brackel 2010, 2013, Gheza 2019b, Favero-Longo & al. 2023), Piem (Morisi & Sereno 1995, Isocrono & Falletti 1999, Giordani & al. 2002b, Isocrono & al. 2003, 2004, Morisi 2005, Isocrono & Ferrarese 2008, Isocrono & Piervittori 2008, Gheza & Nascimbene 2024), VA (Piervittori & al. 1998, 2001, Piervittori & Isocrono 1999, Giordani & al. 2002b, Matteucci & al. 2015c), Emil (Giordani & al. 2002b, Tretiach & al. 2008, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Brunialti & al. 1999, Giordani & al. 2002b, 2016, Ravera & al. 2022). C - Tosc (Adamo & al. 1993, Adamo 1997, Giordani & al. 2002b, Lastrucci & al. 2009, Brackel 2015), Marc, Laz (Gigante & Petriccione 1995, Giordani & al. 2002b, Brackel 2015), Sar (Triebel & Rambold 1995, Zedda 2002, 2002b, Giordani & al. 2002b, 2013, Rizzi & al. 2011, Cossu & al. 2015, Neuwirth 2018, Brackel & Berger 2019, Brackel & Puntillo 2023). S - Camp (Garofalo & al. 1999, Ricciardi & al. 2000, Aprile & al. 2002, Giordani & al. 2002b, Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Terribile & al. 2012, Catalano & al. 2016, Brackel & Puntillo 2023), Bas (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Cal (Puntillo 1996, Giordani & al. 2002b, Brackel & Puntillo 2016, 2023), Si (Ottonello & al. 1994, 2011, Ottonello 1995, Poli & al. 1995, Grillo & al. 1996, 1996b, Ottonello & Romano 1997, Schicchi & al. 1997, Grillo 1998, Czeczuga & al. 1999, Grasso & al. 1999, Monna & al. 1999, Poli & Grillo 2000, Varrica & al. 2000, Clocchiatti & al. 2002, Giordani & al. 2002b, Merlo 2004, Grillo & Caniglia 2004, Brackel 2008b, 2008c, Grillo & Cataldo 2008, Cataldo & Cannavò 2014, Campisi & al. 2020).
Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous, dorsiventral, adnate to loosely adnate, forming 4-12(-20) cm wide rosettes. Lobes elongate, flat to slightly convex, often black-rimmed, separate to weakly imbricate, (1-)2-4(-8) mm wide, the upper surface yellow-green, smooth, shiny, epruinose and emaculate, moderately to densely covered in cylindrical, simple to coralloid isidia. Lower surface black, with simple to furcate, black rhizines. Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous, of anticlinally arranged hyphae or of isodiametrical cells, with a pored epicortex, the cell walls with Xanthoparmelia-type lichenan; medulla white; lower cortex paraplectenchymatous. Apothecia rather rare, lecanorine, substipitate, 2-8 mm across, with a brown, epruinose disc and an isidiate thalline margin. Epithecium brown; hymenium and hypothecium colourless; paraphyses simple; hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, clavate, the K/I+ blue tholus penetrated by a faintly amyloid apical cushion with parallel or diverging flanks, the wall K/I-, surrounded by a K/I+ blue outer layer, Lecanora-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, (6-)9-10 x (4-)5-6 µm. Pycnidia immersed, black. Conidia weakly dumbbell-shaped, (4-)6-7 x 1 µm. Spot tests: upper cortex K-, C-, KC+ yellowish, P-; medulla K+ yellow turning orange-red, C-, KC+ orange-red, P+ orange, UV-. Chemistry: upper cortex with usnic acid (major); medulla with stictic acid (major), constictic, cryptostictic and norstictic acids (all minor), connorstictic acid (trace), and sometimes hyposalazinic acid (trace).
Note: on siliceous rocks wetted by rain, including pebbles near the ground, with a wide altitudinal range; restricted to upland areas in Southern Italy, less frequent than the vicariant X. tinctina in the Mediterranean belt.
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by isidia, or isidia-like structures (e.g. schizidia)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: rare
Subalpine belt: rather common
Oromediterranean belt: rather rare
Montane belt: very common
Submediterranean belt: rather common
Padanian area: extremely rare
Humid submediterranean belt: rather common
Humid mediterranean belt: rare
Dry mediterranean belt: very rare

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (410)
2001/12/07
isidia


Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu


Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV); Owner: Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV)


Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV); Owner: Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV)


Antonio Valero; Owner: Antonio Valero
Spain
2010


Antonio Valero; Owner: Antonio Valero
Spain
2010


Antonio Valero; Owner: Antonio Valero
Spain
2010


Antonio Valero; Owner: Antonio Valero
Spain
2010


Antonio Valero; Owner: Antonio Valero
Spain
2010


Antonio Valero; Owner: Antonio Valero
Spain
2010


Antonio Valero; Owner: Antonio Valero
Spain
2010


Antonio Valero; Owner: Antonio Valero
Spain
2010


Antonio Valero; Owner: Antonio Valero
Spain
2010


Antonio Valero; Owner: Antonio Valero
Spain
2010



Pier Luigi Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 41737



Pier Luigi Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 37448



Pier Luigi Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 37448



Pier Luigi Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 37448


Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=88&lang=en
France, Brest


Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=88&lang=en
France, Brest


Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=88&lang=en
France, Brest


Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=88&lang=en
France, Brest


Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=88&lang=en
France, Brest


Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=88&lang=en
France, Brest


Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=88&lang=en
France, Brest


Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=88&lang=en
France, Brest


Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=88&lang=en
France, Brest


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=88&lang=en
France, Plomodiern


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=88&lang=en
France, Pointe de Pen-Hir


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1296&lang=en
France, Corse, Feliceto


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1296&lang=en
France, Corse, Feliceto


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1296&lang=en
France, Corse, Feliceto


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1296&lang=en
France, Corse, Figari


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1296&lang=en
France, Corse, Porto Vecchio


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=756&lang=en
France, Pointe du Guern
f. corallina Kremp.


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=756&lang=en
France, Pointe du Guern
f. corallina Kremp.


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=756&lang=en
France, Pointe du Guern
f. corallina Kremp.


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=756&lang=en
France, Pointe du Guern
f. corallina Kremp.


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=756&lang=en
France, Hôpital-Camfrout
f. corallina Kremp.


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=756&lang=en
France, Hôpital-Camfrout
f. corallina Kremp.


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=756&lang=en
France, Hôpital-Camfrout
f. corallina Kremp.