ITALIC 8.0

Xanthoparmelia perrugata (Nyl.) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Elix, D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch

Taxon, 53: 968, 2004. Basionym: Parmelia perrugata Nyl. - Flora, 68: 295, 1885.

Synonyms: Neofuscelia perrugata (Nyl.) Elix

Distribution: N - TAA (Giordani & al. 2003), Lomb (Giordani & al. 2003), Piem (Giordani & al. 2003), VA (Giordani & al. 2003), Lig (Giordani & al. 2003). C - Tosc (Giordani & al. 2003, Benesperi 2006, Brackel 2015), Sar (Giordani & al. 2003, Neuwirth 2018). S - Camp (Giordani & al. 2003), Pugl (Giordani & al. 2003), Cal (Giordani & al. 2003, Brackel & Puntillo 2023), Si (Giordani & al. 2003).

Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous, dorsiventral, adnate to tightly adnate, forming up to 10 cm wide, sometimes coalescing rosettes. Lobes 1-3(-5) mm wide, sublinear to linear-elongate, discrete to imbricate or entangled, the upper surface brown to dark brown, markedly uneven and rugose; thallus centre with dense warts, each with an apical depression, resembling young apothecia (a pycnidium is often present within a wart). Lower surface dark brown to black, moderately to densely rhizinate, the rhizines simple, to 1.5 mm long. Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous, with a pored epicortex, the cell walls with Xanthoparmelia-type lichenan; medulla white; lower cortex paraplectenchymatous. Apothecia usually numerous, lecanorine, sessile to stipitate, to 4 mm across, with a brown disc and a smooth thalline margin. Epithecium brown; hymenium and hypothecium colourless; paraphyses simple; hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, clavate, the K/I+ blue tholus penetrated by a faintly amyloid apical cushion with parallel or diverging flanks, the wall K/I-, surrounded by a K/I+ blue outer layer, Lecanora-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, 8-11 x 4-7 µm. Pycnidia common, immersed. Conidia weakly dumbell-shaped, 4.5-7 x c. 1 µm. Photobiont: chlorococcoid. Spot tests: upper cortex K-, C-, KC-, P-, N+ blue green; medulla K-, C-, KC- (very rarely KC+ fleeting pink), P-. Chemistry: medulla with divaricatic acid (major), stenosporic, oxostenosporic acids (minor), and variable amounts of gyrophoric acid.

Note: a boreal to (mainly) Mediterranean species found on exposed siliceous rocks, including pebbles, exceptionally also on limestone; in the past it has been frequently confused with other species of the X. pulla-group.

Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed

Substrata: rocks

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: very rare

Oromediterranean belt: rather rare

Montane belt: rather rare

Submediterranean belt: rather rare

Padanian area: rare

Humid submediterranean belt: rather rare

Humid mediterranean belt: rare

Dry mediterranean belt: rare

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

Index Fungorum GBIF

Harrie Sipman – Source http://www.bgbm.fu-berlin.de/sipman/Zschackia/AegeanLichens/CaloplacaAC.htm - As Caloplaca oasis

Harrie Sipman – Source http://www.bgbm.fu-berlin.de/sipman/Zschackia/AegeanLichens/CaloplacaAC.htm - As Caloplaca oasis