Xanthoparmelia stenophylla (Ach.) Ahti & D. Hawksw.

Lichenologist, 37: 363, 2005. Basionym: Parmelia conspersa var. stenophylla Ach. - Meth. Lich.: 206, 1803.
Synonyms: Parmelia centrifuga var. stenophylla auct.; Parmelia conspersa f. convoluta Rabenh.; Parmelia conspersa var. heraultensis Gyeln.; Parmelia conspersa var. imbricata A. Massal.; Parmelia convoluta (Rabenh.) Gyeln.; Parmelia hypopallida Gyeln.; Parmelia imitans (Müll. Arg.) Gyeln.; Parmelia molliuscula auct. non Ach.; Parmelia somloënsis Gyeln.; Parmelia stenophylla (Ach.) Heugel; Parmelia taractica auct. non Kremp.; Xanthoparmelia somloënsis (Gyeln.) Hale; Xanthoparmelia taractica auct.
Distribution: N - VG (Giordani & al. 2002b, Castello 2002, Martellos & Castello 2004), Frl (Giordani & al. 2002b), Ven (Lazzarin 2000b, Giordani & al. 2002b), TAA (Giordani & al. 2002b, Nascimbene 2008b), Lomb (Tretiach 1996, Giordani & al. 2002b, Gheza 2019b), Piem (Morisi & Sereno 1995, Giordani & al. 2002b, Isocrono & al. 2003, Isocrono & Piervittori 2008, Favero-Longo & al. 2015b, Hafellner 2023), VA (Borlandelli & al. 1996, Girlanda & al. 1997, Piervittori & Isocrono 1997, 1999, Piervittori & al. 2001, Revel & al. 2001, Giordani & al. 2002b, Matteucci & al. 2015c), Emil (Giordani & al. 2002b, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Brunialti & al. 1999, Giordani & al. 2002b, Ravera & al. 2022). C - Tosc (Benesperi 2000a, 2006, Giordani & al. 2002b, Lastrucci & al. 2009, Brackel 2015), Umb (Genovesi & al. 2001, Ravera & al. 2006), Laz (Gigante & Petriccione 1995, Giordani & al. 2002b, Zucconi & al. 2013), Sar (Zedda 1995, 2002b, Giordani & al. 2002b, 2013, Rizzi & al. 2011, Cossu & al. 2015, Brackel & Berger 2019). S - Camp (Giordani & al. 2002b, Nimis & Tretiach 2004), Bas (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Giordani & al. 2002b), Cal (Puntillo 1996, Giordani & al. 2002b), Si (Poli & al. 1995, Giordani & al. 2002b, Merlo 2004b).
Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous, dorsiventral, loosely attached, forming up to 20 cm wide patches. Lobes (0.5-)2-3(-5) mm broad, flattened, isotomic-dichotomously branched, more or less imbricate, the upper surface yellowish green, white-maculate, the lower surface tan at margins, pale brown in central parts, with pale, mostly simple rhizines which are sparse at margin. Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous, with a pored epicortex, the cell walls with Xanthoparmelia-type lichenan; medulla white; lower cortex paraplectenchymatous. Apothecia frequent, lecanorine, strongly constricted at base, to 8(-15) mm across, with a brown, smooth disc and a smooth thalline margin. Epithecium brown; hymenium and hypothecium colourless; paraphyses simple; hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, clavate, the K/I+ blue tholus penetrated by a faintly amyloid apical cushion with parallel or diverging flanks, the wall K/I-, surrounded by a K/I+ blue outer layer, Lecanora-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, 8-11 x 4-6 µm. Pycnidia common, appearing as black dots on the upper surface. Conidia weakly dumbbel-shaped, 5-6 x c. 1 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: upper cortex K-, C-, KC+ yellow, P-; medulla K+ yellow turning red, C-, KC-, P+ orange-red. Chemistry: upper cortex with usnic acid; medulla with salazinic acid and traces of norstictic and protocetraric acids.
Note: on weathered siliceous rocks and mineral soil in open, dry situations, with a very wide altitudinal range.
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: rocks, soil, terricolous mosses, and plant debris
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: rare
Subalpine belt: rather rare
Oromediterranean belt: rare
Montane belt: extremely rare
Submediterranean belt: very rare
Padanian area: extremely rare
Humid submediterranean belt: rather rare
Humid mediterranean belt: very rare
Dry mediterranean belt: very rare

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF

Ulrich Kirschbaum
Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera.



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (6688)
2002/02/13



G. Incerti; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (29101)
2001/11/26


Manilio Prignano; Owner: Manilio Prignano
France, Corsica
2010


Manilio Prignano; Owner: Manilio Prignano
France, Corsica
2010


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=553&lang=en
Belgium, Monthermé


Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 37450



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 37450



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (34441)
2002/01/14


Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Anaga


Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Anaga


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_X/Xanthoparmelia_stenophylla.htm
France, session AFL 2010 - Hérault


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_X/Xanthoparmelia_stenophylla.htm
France, session AFL 2010 - Hérault


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=553&lang=en
Belgium, Monthermé


Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Anaga


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=553&lang=en
Italy, Valle d'Aosta


Manilio Prignano; Owner: Manilio Prignano
France, Corsica
2010