Xanthoria aureola (Ach.) Erichsen

Verh. bot. Ver. Prov. Brandenburg 72: 39, 1930. Basionym: Parmelia aureola Ach. - Lichenogr. Univ.: 437, 1810.
Synonyms: Physcia ectaneoides Nyl.; Xanthoria ectaneoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr.; Xanthoria parietina subsp. ectanea auct. non (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux; Xanthoria parietina var. ectanea auct. non (Ach.) J. Kickx f.
Distribution: N - VG (Tretiach & al. 2007b), Lig (Valcuvia & al. 2000). C - Tosc (Adamo & al. 1993, Adamo 1997, Terribile & al. 2012), Sar (TSB 25561). S - Camp (Nimis & Tretiach 2004), Pugl (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Si (Nimis & al. 1994, Ottonello & Salone 1994, Ottonello & Romano 1997, Ottonello & al. 2011).
Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous, dorsiventral, rather loosely attached, orange to yellow-orange, (0.2-)0.3(-0.6) mm thick, often covered in a finely granular, orange pruina, without vegetative diaspores, forming irregular, often confuent, up to 8(-10) cm wide patches. Lobes 0.3-1.3(-3) mm wide, strap-shaped, truncated to rounded at apex, adpressed to slightly ascending, flat to slightly concave, with an uneven surface, often irregularly overlapping also in thallus centre. Lower surface pale yellow near margins to white in central parts, attached by whitish hapters. Upper and lower corte paraplectenchymatous; medulla with hyphal strands, the lower part often with strongly gelatinized, more conglutinated hyphae. Apothecia almost always absent, lecanorine/zeorine, orange, 0.5-3 mm across. Epithecium yellow-brown, K+ purple-red; hymenium colourless; paraphyses simple or sparingly branched, swollen at tips; hypothecium colourless to pale brown. Asci 8-spored, clavate, functionally unitunicate, apically thickened with a broad internal beak, the inner part of apex and external cap I+ blue, Teloschistes-type. Ascospores 2-celled, polarilocular, hyaline, ellipsoid, often poorly developed. Pycnidia immersed into orange warts. Conidia ellipsoid, 2-2.5 x 0.7-1 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus K+ purple-red, C-, KC-, P-, UV+ intensely orange-red. Chemistry: parietin (major), fallacinal, emodin, teloschistin (minor).
Note: a Mediterranean-Atlantic species with optimum on basic siliceous rocks near the coast, much rarer on limestone and on eutrophicated, acid siliceous rocks.
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)
Poorly known taxon in need of further study
Taxon bound to maritime-coastal situations

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: absent
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: rare
Dry mediterranean belt: very rare

pH of the substrata:

12345

Solar irradiation:

12345

Aridity:

12345

Eutrophication:

12345

Poleotolerance:

0123

Altitudinal distribution:

123456


Predictive model
Herbarium samples


Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (35724)
2003/01/22



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (19657)
2001/12/03



P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (38380)
2008.02.23



P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (38380)
2008.02.23



P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (38380)
2008.02.23



A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.03



A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.03



A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.03



A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.03



A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.03


Caterina Azara; Owner: Caterina Azara
Italy, Sardegna, Oristano, Necropoli Neolitica di Li Muri, Arzachena
2010



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 38382


Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
Herbarium: TSB 19657



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (19657)
2001/12/03
detail of lobes with pycnidia



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 36723



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 36723



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 38381



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 38381



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 38382



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 38382



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 38382


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=999&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=999&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=999&lang=en
France, Le Fret


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=999&lang=en
France, Pointe de Pen-Hir


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=999&lang=en
France, Pointe de Pen-Hir


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=999&lang=en
France, Pointe de Pen-Hir


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=999&lang=en
France, Pointe de Pen-Hir


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=999&lang=en
France, Pointe de Pen-Hir


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=999&lang=en
France, Pointe du Raz


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=999&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=999&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1265&lang=en
France, Pointe de Guern
forme ramicole de la zone aérohaline


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1265&lang=en
France, Pointe de Guern
forme ramicole de la zone aérohaline


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1265&lang=en
France, Ouessant
forme ramicole de la zone aérohaline, on Ramalina cuspidata


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1265&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan
forme ramicole de la zone aérohaline


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1265&lang=en
France, Pointe de Treberon
forme ramicole de la zone aérohaline


ALain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1265&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan
forme ramicole de la zone aérohaline


ALain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1265&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan
forme ramicole de la zone aérohaline


ALain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1265&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan
forme ramicole de la zone aérohaline


ALain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1265&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan
forme ramicole de la zone aérohaline


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=24&lang=e
France, Port Merrien
Forme de la frange littorale


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=24&lang=e
France, Terenez
Forme de la frange littorale


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=24&lang=e
France, Terenez
Forme de la frange littorale


Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=24&lang=e
France, Brest
Forme de la frange littorale


Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=24&lang=e
France, Brest
Forme de la frange littorale


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=178&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan
Forme saxicole de la zone aérohaline


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=178&lang=en
France, Pointe de Pen-Hir
Forme saxicole de la zone aérohaline


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=178&lang=en
France, Pointe de Pen-Hir
Forme saxicole de la zone aérohaline


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=178&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan
Forme saxicole de la zone aérohaline


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=178&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre
Forme saxicole de la zone aérohaline


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=178&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre
Forme saxicole de la zone aérohaline


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=178&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre
Forme saxicole de la zone aérohaline


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=178&lang=en
France, Crozon
Forme saxicole de la zone aérohaline


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=178&lang=en
France, Crozon
Forme saxicole de la zone aérohaline


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=178&lang=en
France, Crozon
Forme saxicole de la zone aérohaline


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=58&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan
Forme saxicole de la zone mésique


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=58&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan
Forme saxicole de la zone mésique


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=58&lang=en
France, Crozon
Forme saxicole de la zone mésique


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=58&lang=en
France, Crozon
Forme saxicole de la zone mésique



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[6707], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, Gran Canaria; trockener, nordwestexponierter Geröllhang an der Straße zwischen Mogan und San Nicolas; Echium-Euphorbia-Kleinia Gesellschaft, 27°55.665’ N, 15°44.864’ W, Höhe 700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 30.12.1999, det. A. Aptroot, 2021.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[6707], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, Gran Canaria; trockener, nordwestexponierter Geröllhang an der Straße zwischen Mogan und San Nicolas; Echium-Euphorbia-Kleinia Gesellschaft, 27°55.665’ N, 15°44.864’ W, Höhe 700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 30.12.1999, det. A. Aptroot, 2021.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[6707], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, Gran Canaria; trockener, nordwestexponierter Geröllhang an der Straße zwischen Mogan und San Nicolas; Echium-Euphorbia-Kleinia Gesellschaft, 27°55.665’ N, 15°44.864’ W, Höhe 700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 30.12.1999, det. A. Aptroot, 2021.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[9373], Spanien, Kanaren, La Gomera, bei Arure an der Straße nach Las Hayas, trockener Abhang mit Felsblöcken und Euphorbia, 28°07.895’ N, 17°18.983’ W, 870 m. Leg. F. Schumm 14.02.2002.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[9373], Spanien, Kanaren, La Gomera, bei Arure an der Straße nach Las Hayas, trockener Abhang mit Felsblöcken und Euphorbia, 28°07.895’ N, 17°18.983’ W, 870 m. Leg. F. Schumm 14.02.2002.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[9373], Spanien, Kanaren, La Gomera, bei Arure an der Straße nach Las Hayas, trockener Abhang mit Felsblöcken und Euphorbia, 28°07.895’ N, 17°18.983’ W, 870 m. Leg. F. Schumm 14.02.2002.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10486], Spanien, Kanaren, La Gomera, Abzweigung von der Straße von El Cedro-San Sebastian in Richtung Laguerode, 20°07.424' N, 17°09.497' W, 640 m, licht-, nebel- und windoffener mit Sukkulentengebüsch bewachsener NE Lavablockhang mit viel Roccella und Ramalina. Leg. F. Schumm 20.04.2003, det. A. Aptroot, 2021.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10486], Spanien, Kanaren, La Gomera, Abzweigung von der Straße von El Cedro-San Sebastian in Richtung Laguerode, 20°07.424' N, 17°09.497' W, 640 m, licht-, nebel- und windoffener mit Sukkulentengebüsch bewachsener NE Lavablockhang mit viel Roccella und Ramalina. Leg. F. Schumm 20.04.2003, det. A. Aptroot, 2021.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10486], Spanien, Kanaren, La Gomera, Abzweigung von der Straße von El Cedro-San Sebastian in Richtung Laguerode, 20°07.424' N, 17°09.497' W, 640 m, licht-, nebel- und windoffener mit Sukkulentengebüsch bewachsener NE Lavablockhang mit viel Roccella und Ramalina. Leg. F. Schumm 20.04.2003, det. A. Aptroot, 2021.