ITALIC 8.0

Xylographa parallela (Ach. : Fr.) Fr.

Summa Veg. Scand.: 372, 1849 - Stictis (Xylographa) parallela (Ach.) Fr. : Fr. Syst. Mycol. 2(1): 197 (1822); sanctioned name according to Art. 15.1. Basionym: Lichen parallelus Ach. - Lichenogr. Suec. Prodr.: 23, 1799.

Synonyms: Hysterium abietinum Pers.; Xylographa abietina (Pers.) Zahlbr.; Xylographa abietina var. rubescens (Räsänen) Degel.; Xylographa incerta A. Massal.; Xylographa laricicola Nyl.; Xylographa parallela (Ach.) Fr.; Xylographa parallela var. sessitana Bagl.; Xylographa rubescens Räsänen

Distribution: N - Frl, Ven (Nimis 1994, Thor & Nascimbene 2007, Nascimbene 2008c, 2011, Nascimbene & al. 2013b), TAA (Hinteregger 1994, Thor & Nascimbene 2006c, 2007, Nascimbene & al. 2007b, 2008c, 2022, Nascimbene 2008b, Nimis & al. 2015), Lomb (Nascimbene & al. 2006e), Piem (Isocrono & al. 2004, Spribille & al. 2015), VA (Piervittori & Isocrono 1999), Lig (TSB 33648). C - Abr. S - Camp (Nimis & Tretiach 2004), Pugl, Bas (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Cal (Puntillo 1996).

Description: Thallus crustose, mostly endosubstratic and inapparent, rarely rimose or scurfy, with corticate, brown goniocysts. Apothecia narrowly ellipsoid to linear, densely and evenly distributed, often following the wood grain, 0.3-1.7 x 0.1-0.28 mm, with a flat to slightly convex, dark brown to black disc and a thin, brown to black, finally excluded proper margin often visible only at the extremities. Exciple brown in outer part, colourless within, of laterally interwoven hyphae, paraplectenchymatous in vertical section, 15-37 μm wide; hymenium colourless or very pale yellowish brown, 55-110(-150) μm high, I+ blue-green turning rust red or I+ persistently blue; paraphyses strongly contorted, branched and anastomosing 1.7-2.5 μm thick at mid-level, often distally moniliform and apically swollen to (2.5-)4-6(-8) μm, the last 4-5 cells lying horizontally in knot-like tangles over the disc; hypothecium colourless to pale brown, 40-150 μm high. Asci 8-spored, clavate-cylindrical, unitunicate, the gelatinous sheaths covering the walls amyloid, the tholus lacking internal amyloid structures, similar to that in Trapelia. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline ellipsoid, 10-16.5 x (3.5-)6-7.5(-8.5) μm. Pycnidia rare, partially immersed, globose. Conidia filiform, curved, 9-14 x 0.5-0.7 μm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus K- or K+ yellowish (microscopic section!), C-, KC-, P- or P+ yellow. Chemistry: stictic acid or without lichen substances.

Note: a cool-temperate to boreal-montane, circumpolar species found on hard wood, on poles, fences and on flanks of decorticated boles, especially of conifers; restricted to high altitudes in Southern Italy.

Growth form: Crustose

Substrata: lignum

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: very common

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: common

Submediterranean belt: very rare

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: very rare

Humid mediterranean belt: absent

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

Index Fungorum GBIF

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 38811

P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (36776)
2008.02.25

Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0

Paneveggio, Reg. Trentino-Alto Adige Prov. Trento, Italy.
2009

Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0

Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Bolzano/Bozen, Sciliar/Schlern

Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0

Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Bolzano/Bozen, Sciliar/Schlern

Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 38811

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (11865)
2001/12/03

Zahlbruckner A. 1926. Lichenes (Flechten). In: Engler A. (ed.): Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. 2nd ed., vol 8, W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 270 pp.

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 38811

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 38811

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (11865)
2001/12/03

Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_X/Xylographa_parallela.htm

France, 4/3/2016 - CB Chavaniac-Lafayette - Haute-Loire

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_X/Xylographa_parallela.htm

France, 4/3/2016 - CB Chavaniac-Lafayette - Haute-Loire

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1129&lang=en

France, Lanveoc

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1129&lang=en

France, Lanveoc

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1129&lang=en

France, Lanveoc

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1129&lang=en

France, Lanveoc

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1129&lang=en

France, Lanveoc

Ulrich Kirschbaum

Central Europe: Germany.

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos

Puerto de Monteviejo (León), 29-IV-2022, en madera semipodrida de Pinus sylvestris, leg. E. Rubio, det. M. González, ERD-9365.

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos

Puerto de Monteviejo (León), 29-IV-2022, en madera semipodrida de Pinus sylvestris, leg. E. Rubio, det. M. González, ERD-9365.

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos

Puerto de Monteviejo (León), 29-IV-2022, en madera semipodrida de Pinus sylvestris, leg. E. Rubio, det. M. González, ERD-9365.

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos

Puerto de Monteviejo (León), 29-IV-2022, en madera semipodrida de Pinus sylvestris, leg. E. Rubio, det. M. González, ERD-9365.

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos

Puerto de Monteviejo (León), 29-IV-2022, en madera semipodrida de Pinus sylvestris, leg. E. Rubio, det. M. González, ERD-9365.

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos

Puerto de Monteviejo (León), 29-IV-2022, en madera semipodrida de Pinus sylvestris, leg. E. Rubio, det. M. González, ERD-9365.

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos

Puerto de Monteviejo (León), 29-IV-2022, en madera semipodrida de Pinus sylvestris, leg. E. Rubio, det. M. González, ERD-9365.