ITALIC 8.0

Phacographa zwackhii (A. Massal. ex Zwackh) Hafellner

Bibl. Lichenol., 100: 108, 2009. Basionym: Leciographa zwackhii A. Massal. ex Zwackh - Flora, 45: 571, 1862.

Synonyms: Opegrapha nothella Nyl.; Opegrapha zwackhii (Zwackh) Källsten; Phacographa zwackhii (Zwackh) Hafellner

Distribution: N - Lomb (Jatta 1909-1911), C - Abr (Brackel 2015, 2016), Mol (Brackel 2020), Sar (Brackel & Berger 2019). S - Bas (Brackel 2011, 2016).

Description: Thallus inapparent, not lichenized, the hyphae developing within the thalli of Phlyctis-species. Apothecia scattered, 0.2-0.4(-0.5) mm across, with a widely exposed, rough, dark brown disc, and a black proper margin. Proper exciple dark brown, 20-30 μm wide laterally; epithecium brown, granular, K-; hymenium colourless, 60-70 μm high, with a hemiamyloid hymenial gel; paraphysoids branched and anastomosing, 2-3 μm thick at mid-level, the apical cells 4-6 μm wide; hypothecium dark brown, 20-40 μm high. Asci (6-)8-spored, cylindrical-clavate, the wall I-, K/I- except for a K/I+ blue apical ring. Ascospores 3-4(-5)-septate, hyaline, slightly clavate, 18-22(-26) x 5-6(-7) μm, surrounded by a thin gelatinous sheath, with a brownish verruculose ornamentation when mature. Photobiont absent. Spot tests: K-, C-, KC-, P-. Chemistry: without lichen substances

Note: a lichenicolous fungus growing on species of Phlyctis. It might be more widespread in Italy, but is certainly not common. The old record from Lombardy is rather dubious (see Brackel 2016).

Growth form: Lichenicolous fungus

Substrata: bark

Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

paras Phlyctis spp.

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: absent

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: very rare

Submediterranean belt: very rare

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: very rare

Humid mediterranean belt: absent

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

P.L. Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 30610

New York Botanical Garden (NY) – Type Status: isosyntype Collector: P. F. W. R. von Zwackh-Holzhausen Date: 1859-00-00 Locality: Germany, Heidelberg - - CC BY-NC 3.0 - Source: Consortium of Lichen Herbaria (2023) http//:lichenportal.org/portal/index.php. Accessed on December 15.