Sphinctrina leucopoda Nyl.

Syn. Lich., 1, 2: 144, 1860.
Synonyms: Sphinctrina obscurata sensu Nádv. non (Nyl.) Nádv.; Sphinctrina pedata (Stenh.) R. Sant.
Distribution: C - Tosc (Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Brackel 2016), Marc (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Brackel 2016), Umb (Ravera 1998, Ravera & al. 2006, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Brackel 2016), Laz (Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Brackel 2016), Abr (Nascimbene & al. 2021), Sar (Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Brackel 2016). S - Camp (Nimis & Tretiach 2004 Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Garofalo & al. 2010, Brackel 2016), Cal (Puntillo 1996, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Brackel & Puntillo 2016, Brackel 2016), Si (Brackel 2008b, 2016).
Description: Thallus not evident, not lichenized. Apothecia short-stalked, 0.2-0.3(-0.4) mm high, usually developing on the thalli of epiphytic Pertusaria-species. Stalk pale to dark brown, rarely black, of periclinally arranged hyphae, pale in inner part, dark brown to reddish in outermost part. Capitulum 0.1-0.3(-0.4) mm across, dark brown to black, distinctly darker than stalk, glossy, subglobose to slightly compressed vertically; mazaedium well-developed, black. Exciple well-developed, dark brown, in upper part consisting of 4-6 layers of periclinally arranged, sclerotized hyphae; hypothecium colourless, 25-36 µm high. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical, formed singly from ascogenous hyphae with croziers, with a single, functional wall layer, K/I-, disintegrating at a rather late stage, with uniseriately arranged spores. Ascospores 1-celled, dark brown, subglobose, 4-7 x 4-6 µm, with an indistinct, minute ornamentation of irregular cracks, surrounded by a gelatinous coat. Photobiont absent. Spot tests: all parts of the ascomata K-, C-, KC-, P-. Chemistry: without lichen substances.
Note: a parasite on the thalli of epiphytic crustose lichens, mostly Pertusaria pertusa; widespread in Peninsular Italy and to be looked for in the Alps, but certainly declining. Earlier records from Sicily (Caniglia & Grillo, 2003, Grillo & Caniglia, 2004), not validated by Puntillo & Puntillo (2009), are excluded.
Growth form: Lichenicolous fungus
Substrata: bark
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)
paras Pertusaria spp.

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: very rare
Submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: very rare
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Sphinctrina_leucopoda.htm
France, 10/10/2018 - Ajaccio, Pointe de la Parata, alt.5 m - Corse



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (12131)
2001/11/30



Domenico Puntillo CC BY-SA 4.0


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Sphinctrina_leucopoda.htm
France, 10/10/2018 - Ajaccio, Pointe de la Parata, alt.5 m - Corse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Sphinctrina_leucopoda.htm
France, 10/10/2018 - Ajaccio, Pointe de la Parata, alt.5 m - Corse



D. Puntillo CC BY-SA 04


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Sphinctrina_leucopoda.htm
France, 10/10/2018 - Ajaccio, Pointe de la Parata, alt.5 m - Corse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Sphinctrina_leucopoda.htm
France, 10/10/2018 - Ajaccio, Pointe de la Parata, alt.5 m - Corse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Sphinctrina_leucopoda.htm
France, 10/10/2018 - Ajaccio, Pointe de la Parata, alt.5 m - Corse