Sphinctrina turbinata (Pers.) Fr.:Fr.
Elenchus Fungorum, 2: 148, 1828. Basionym: Calicium turbinatum Pers. - Tent. Disp. Fung.: 59, 1797
Synonyms: Acolium stigonellum (Ach.) Gray; Calicium stigonellum Ach.; Sphinctrina gelasinata (With.) Zahlbr. nom.inval.; Sphinctrina turbinata (Pers.) De Not.
Distribution: N - Ven (Nascimbene & Marini 2010, Brackel 2016), Lomb (Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Brackel 2016), Piem (Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), Emil (Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Brackel 2016), Lig (Watson 2014). C - Tosc (Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Brackel 2016), Umb (Ravera & al. 2011, Brackel 2016), Laz (Ravera 2001, 2002, Massari & Ravera 2002, Brackel 2016), Abr (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Corona & al. 2016, Brackel 2016), Mol (Caporale & al. 2008, Brackel 2016, 2020), Sar (Rizzi & al. 2011, Cossu 2013, Brackel 2016, Brackel & Berger 2019, Di Nuzzo & al. 2022). S - Camp (Aprile & al. 2003b, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Garofalo & al. 2010, Brackel 2016, 2021), Pugl (Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Brackel 2016), Bas (Potenza 2006, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Potenza & Fascetti 2012, Brackel 2016, Cassola & al. 2025), Cal (Puntillo 1994, 1995, 1996, Puntillo & Puntillo 2004, 2009, Brackel & Puntillo 2016, Brackel 2016), Si (Nimis & al. 1994, Grillo & Cristaudo 1995, Caniglia & Grillo 2006b, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Ottonello & al. 2011, Brackel 2016).
Description: Thallus not evident, not lichenized. Apothecia short-stalked to subsessile, 0.16-0.3 mm high. Stalk dark to pale brown, more rarely black, of periclinally arranged, red hyphae with strongly gelatinized walls, pale in inner part, reddish in outermost part, which is sometimes overlain by a thick gelatinous coat. Capitulum spherical to slightly irregular, 0.2-0.4 mm across, shiny black or dark brown; mazaedium well-developed, black. Exciple well-developed, dark ruby red and K+ purple, not sclerotized, consisting of more or less periclinally arranged hyphae, the surface slightly sclerotized in upper part, hyaline and gelatinose in lower part; hypothecium colourless to pale brown, 35-50 µm high. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical, formed singly from ascogenous hyphae with croziers, with a single, functional wall layer, K/I-, disintegrating at a rather late stage, with uniseriately arranged spores. Ascospores 1-celled, subglobose, dark brown, 5-7.5 x 4.5-7.5 µm, surrounded by a gelatinous coat, with an ornamentation of minute pores (resembling small warts under the optical microscope), and a few irregular cracks. Photobiont absent. Spot tests: K-, C-, KC-, P-, except the reddish parts of the ascomata, especially in the exciple, which react K+ purple. Chemistry: without lichen substances.Note: mostly on Pertusaria pertusa in humid beech forests, much more rarely on saxicolous Pertusaria-species. Widespread throughout the country, with optimum in the montane belt.
Growth form: Lichenicolous fungus
Substrata: bark
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)
paras Pertusaria spp.
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: rather rare
Submediterranean belt: very rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: rare
Humid mediterranean belt: extremely rare
Dry mediterranean belt: absent
Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Wolfgang von Brackel - Source: Brackel von W. 2021. Lichenicolous fungi from Campania (Italy) Borziana, 2: 31-68.
Italy
Sphinctrina turbinata on Pertusaria pertusa, Campania, Bosco di Decorata, 2016.
Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (13077)
2003/03/17
on the thallus of the host, Pertusaria leioplaca
Domenico Puntillo - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italia. Calabria. Sila Piccola. Cocciolo (Cotronei, KC), m. 1108 leg. D. Puntillo 28/08/2021, su Quercus cerris, CLU Nr. 17979
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (2855)
2003/03/17
Domenico Puntillo - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italia. Calabria. Sila Piccola. Cocciolo (Cotronei, KC), m. 1108 leg. D. Puntillo 28/08/2021, su Quercus cerris, CLU Nr. 17979
D. Puntillo CC BY-SA 04
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Sphinctrina_turbinata.htm
France, 24/03/2014 - île de Cavallo, Bonifacio - Corse - (20) - dét. D. et O. Gonnet, confirmée par Alain Gardiennet le 14/06/2014
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Sphinctrina_turbinata.htm
France, 24/03/2014 - île de Cavallo, Bonifacio - Corse - (20) - dét. D. et O. Gonnet, confirmée par Alain Gardiennet le 14/06/2014
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Sphinctrina_turbinata.htm
France, 24/03/2014 - île de Cavallo, Bonifacio - Corse - (20) - dét. D. et O. Gonnet, confirmée par Alain Gardiennet le 14/06/2014
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Sphinctrina_turbinata.htm
France, 24/03/2014 - île de Cavallo, Bonifacio - Corse - (20) - dét. D. et O. Gonnet, confirmée par Alain Gardiennet le 14/06/2014
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[VZR110],Turcia. Distr. Antalya. Ka a, transitus Sinekcibeli Ceçidi in
montibus Akdaglan, 1500 m. Ad lignum trunci (Juniperua sp.), in
thallo Pertusariae sp. vigens. Leg. A. Vezda, 11.4.1996. EX A. VEZDA:
LICHENES RARIORES EXSICCATI NR. 220.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[VZR110],Turcia. Distr. Antalya. Ka a, transitus Sinekcibeli Ceçidi in
montibus Akdaglan, 1500 m. Ad lignum trunci (Juniperua sp.), in
thallo Pertusariae sp. vigens. Leg. A. Vezda, 11.4.1996. EX A. VEZDA:
LICHENES RARIORES EXSICCATI NR. 220.
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[VZ2371], Italia. Calabria, Consenza, in loco Plano de Marco dicto
prope Monte Mula, 1020 m. In thallo Pertusariae pertuse, ad corticem
Quercus cerris. Leg. G. Puntillo, 14.5.1989. EX A. VEZDA LICHENES
SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2371.
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[VZ2371], Italia. Calabria, Consenza, in loco Plano de Marco dicto
prope Monte Mula, 1020 m. In thallo Pertusariae pertuse, ad corticem
Quercus cerris. Leg. G. Puntillo, 14.5.1989. EX A. VEZDA LICHENES
SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2371.
Zahlbruckner A. 1926. Lichenes (Flechten). In: Engler A. (ed.): Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. 2nd ed., vol 8, W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 270 pp.
Growth form: Lichenicolous fungus
Substrata: bark
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)
paras Pertusaria spp.
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: rather rare
Submediterranean belt: very rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: rare
Humid mediterranean belt: extremely rare
Dry mediterranean belt: absent
Predictive model
| Herbarium samples |
INDEX FUNGORUM
GBIF
DOLICHENS
Wolfgang von Brackel - Source: Brackel von W. 2021. Lichenicolous fungi from Campania (Italy) Borziana, 2: 31-68.
Italy
Sphinctrina turbinata on Pertusaria pertusa, Campania, Bosco di Decorata, 2016.
Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (13077)
2003/03/17
on the thallus of the host, Pertusaria leioplaca
Domenico Puntillo - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italia. Calabria. Sila Piccola. Cocciolo (Cotronei, KC), m. 1108 leg. D. Puntillo 28/08/2021, su Quercus cerris, CLU Nr. 17979
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (2855)
2003/03/17
Domenico Puntillo - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italia. Calabria. Sila Piccola. Cocciolo (Cotronei, KC), m. 1108 leg. D. Puntillo 28/08/2021, su Quercus cerris, CLU Nr. 17979
D. Puntillo CC BY-SA 04
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Sphinctrina_turbinata.htm
France, 24/03/2014 - île de Cavallo, Bonifacio - Corse - (20) - dét. D. et O. Gonnet, confirmée par Alain Gardiennet le 14/06/2014
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Sphinctrina_turbinata.htm
France, 24/03/2014 - île de Cavallo, Bonifacio - Corse - (20) - dét. D. et O. Gonnet, confirmée par Alain Gardiennet le 14/06/2014
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Sphinctrina_turbinata.htm
France, 24/03/2014 - île de Cavallo, Bonifacio - Corse - (20) - dét. D. et O. Gonnet, confirmée par Alain Gardiennet le 14/06/2014
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Sphinctrina_turbinata.htm
France, 24/03/2014 - île de Cavallo, Bonifacio - Corse - (20) - dét. D. et O. Gonnet, confirmée par Alain Gardiennet le 14/06/2014
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[VZR110],Turcia. Distr. Antalya. Ka a, transitus Sinekcibeli Ceçidi in montibus Akdaglan, 1500 m. Ad lignum trunci (Juniperua sp.), in thallo Pertusariae sp. vigens. Leg. A. Vezda, 11.4.1996. EX A. VEZDA: LICHENES RARIORES EXSICCATI NR. 220.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[VZR110],Turcia. Distr. Antalya. Ka a, transitus Sinekcibeli Ceçidi in montibus Akdaglan, 1500 m. Ad lignum trunci (Juniperua sp.), in thallo Pertusariae sp. vigens. Leg. A. Vezda, 11.4.1996. EX A. VEZDA: LICHENES RARIORES EXSICCATI NR. 220.
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[VZ2371], Italia. Calabria, Consenza, in loco Plano de Marco dicto prope Monte Mula, 1020 m. In thallo Pertusariae pertuse, ad corticem Quercus cerris. Leg. G. Puntillo, 14.5.1989. EX A. VEZDA LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2371.
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[VZ2371], Italia. Calabria, Consenza, in loco Plano de Marco dicto prope Monte Mula, 1020 m. In thallo Pertusariae pertuse, ad corticem Quercus cerris. Leg. G. Puntillo, 14.5.1989. EX A. VEZDA LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2371.
