Acarospora irregularis H. Magn.

K. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., ser. 3, 7, 4: 229, 1929.
Synonyms: Acarospora badiofusca subsp. badiorubra Clauzade & Cl. Roux; Acarospora badiofusca var. lepidioides Vain.; Acarospora nitrophila f. irregularis (H.Magn.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux
Distribution: N - Frl, VA (Matteucci & al. 2013, 2015c). C - Tosc (Tretiach & al. 2008), Sar (Knudsen & al. 2014). S - Bas (Nascimbene & al. 2021), Si.
Description: Thallus crustose, episubstratic, areolate-subsquamulose, brown or reddish brown, epruinose, the areoles 0.4-3 mm wide, 0.5-1 mm thick, substipitate and distinctly raised from the substrate, usually contiguous, flat to convex, round to angular, with an uneven surface; lower surface brown to reddish brown, sometimes whitish or blackened. Epicortex 10-40 μm thick; cortex (30-)40-60 μm thick, paraplectenchymatous, the cells c. 3-4 μm wide, the upper layer brown, the lower layer hyaline or golden; algal layer up to 200 thick, thinner beneath apothecia, uneven, with algal palisades interrupted by c. 40-50 μm wide hyphal bundles which are continuous with the medulla; medulla 100-300 μm thick or more. Apothecia round, 0.5-2 mm across, immersed in the areoles, usually 1 per areole (sometimes 2-3 and confluent into larger clusters), with a reddish brown to black (reddish when wet), epruinose, flat to slightly convex, more or less smooth disc and a raised, thin margin concolorous with thallus or blackened. Proper exciple prosoplectenchymatous, up to 100 μm thick in upper part; epithecium brown, c. 15 μm high; hymenium colourless, (80-)100-120(-140) μm high; paraphyses 2-3 μm thick at base, sometimes expanded at apices; subymenium to 60 μm high, colourless or yellowish; hypothecium colourless, narrow, prosoplectenchymatous, c. 15 μm high. Asci 100-200-spored, clavate, the apical dome K/I-, c. 80-90 x 15-25 μm. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, (3-)4-5.3 x (1.5-)2-3 μm. Pycnidia oval to globose, visible as dark or reddish dots. Conidia simple, hyaline, c. 2 x 1 μm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: cortex and medulla K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV-. Chemistry: without lichen substances.
Note: a species known from central Europe (Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia), as well as Austria, Greece and Italy, which was often confused with A. nitrophila and related species. According to Knudsen & Kocourková (2016), A. badiofusca subsp. badiorubra Clauzade & Cl. Roux nom. illegit. is a synonym of this species.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: extremely rare
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: very rare
Humid mediterranean belt: very rare
Dry mediterranean belt: very rare

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF

Source: Knudsen K. & Kocourková J. (2016) Herzogia 29(2): 465-472
Austria. Steiermark, Marktrand von Neumarkt, 200m N der Kirche von St. Marein, ca. 850m, (GF 8952/2), lichtexponierte Grünschieferfelsen, 9.9.1987, W. Obermayer 504 (GZU).
Habit of Austrian specimen (W. Obermayer 504, GZU). – Scale = 0.5mm.


Source: Knudsen K. & al. 2014. The Bryologist, 117(4):319-328.
J. Kocourkova´ nr. 8286, Hb. Knudsen & Kocourkova


Source: Knudsen K. & al. 2014. The Bryologist, 117(4):319-328.
J. Kocourkova´ nr. 8286, Hb. Knudsen & Kocourkova


Source: Knudsen K. & al. 2014. The Bryologist, 117(4):319-328.
J. Kocourkova´ nr. 8364, Hb. Knudsen & Kocourkova


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_A/Textes_A3/Acarospora_badiofusca_badiorubra.htm
France, Lanslebourg, Mont-Cenis - alt. 2000 m - Savoie
3/8/2013
As A. badiofusca badiorubra


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_A/Textes_A3/Acarospora_badiofusca_badiorubra.htm
France, Lanslebourg, Mont-Cenis - alt. 2000 m - Savoie
3/8/2013
As A. badiofusca badiorubra


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_A/Textes_A3/Acarospora_badiofusca_badiorubra.htm
France, Lanslebourg, Mont-Cenis - alt. 2000 m - Savoie
3/8/2013
As A. badiofusca badiorubra


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_A/Textes_A3/Acarospora_badiofusca_badiorubra.htm
France, Lanslebourg, Mont-Cenis - alt. 2000 m - Savoie
3/8/2013
As A. badiofusca badiorubra



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 35091


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_A/Textes_A3/Acarospora_badiofusca_badiorubra.htm
France, Lanslebourg, Mont-Cenis - alt. 2000 m - Savoie
3/8/2013
As A. badiofusca badiorubra


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_A/Textes_A3/Acarospora_badiofusca_badiorubra.htm
France, Lanslebourg, Mont-Cenis - alt. 2000 m - Savoie
3/8/2013
As A. badiofusca badiorubra


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_A/Textes_A3/Acarospora_badiofusca_badiorubra.htm
France, Lanslebourg, Mont-Cenis - alt. 2000 m - Savoie
3/8/2013
As A. badiofusca badiorubra