Parmelia pinnatifida Kurok.

J. Jap. Bot. 51, 12: 378, 1976
Synonyms: Parmelia omphalodes subsp. pinnatifida (Kurok.) Skult,
Distribution: N - Lomb (Gheza 2019).
Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous, dorsiventral, rather loosely attached, forming more or less regular, up to 10 cm wide rosettes, which often merge into extensive swards. Lobes up to 2.5 mm wide, but mostly <1 mm wide, short and branched, with angular apices, often imbricate, the margins often with up to 0.3 mm wide, ascending to erect lobules. Upper surface usually blackish, rarely grey to brown in shade-forms, slightly shiny, epruinose, with mainly marginal, whitish, at first punctiform but soon linear and furcate pseudocyphellae which sometimes merge forming a white marginal rim; lower surface black, with simple or forked, black rhizines that are most abundant towards the margin. Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous, of 2-6 layers of densely packed cells, with a usually non-pored epicortex, the cell walls with isolichenan; medulla white; algal layer continuous; lower cortex paraplectenchymatous, thinner than upper cortex. Apothecia rare, lecanorine, cup-shaped, to 4 mm across, with a dark brown, often splitting disc and a prominent thalline margin. Epithecium brownish; hymenium and hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, clavate, Lecanora-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, 10-15 x 7-9 µm. Pycnidia black, common, laminal. Conidia more or less thickened at both ends, 5.5-6.5 x c. 1 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: upper cortex K+ yellow (but often slowly turning dirty red due to medullary substances), C-, KC-, P- or P+ faintly yellow; medulla K+ yellow turning dirty red, C-, KC-, P+ orange-red. Chemistry: upper cortex with atranorin; medulla with consalazinic and salazinic acids (major), and variable amounts of galbinic, fumarprotocetraric and lobaric acids (accessory or in traces).
Note: This species has been only recently reported from the Italian Alps; other records may be hidden among those of the morphologically and ecologically similar P. omphalodes.
Growth form: Foliose

Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: rare
Subalpine belt: rare
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: absent
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Index Fungorum GBIF


Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[3209], Schweiz, Davos, nordöstlich des Flüela Paß bei Tschuggen, Hanglage W-Exposition, Gneisschiefer, ca. 1940 m. Leg. F. Schumm & Hans-J. Maier 22.09.1974, det. F. Schumm 2019.


Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
Herbarium: TSB 9280


Cor Zonneveld
Eresfjord (Møre og Romsdal), Norway
18.07.2016
Source: https://corzonneveld.nl/fungi/lichens/Lecanoromycetes/Lecanorales/Parmeliaceae/Parmelia/pinnatifida.php


Cor Zonneveld
Trollstigen (Møre og Romsdal), Norway
22.07.2016
Source: https://corzonneveld.nl/fungi/lichens/Lecanoromycetes/Lecanorales/Parmeliaceae/Parmelia/pinnatifida.php


Cor Zonneveld
Evanger (Hordaland), Norway
28.07.2016
Source: https://corzonneveld.nl/fungi/lichens/Lecanoromycetes/Lecanorales/Parmeliaceae/Parmelia/pinnatifida.php



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[3209], Schweiz, Davos, nordöstlich des Flüela Paß bei Tschuggen, Hanglage W-Exposition, Gneisschiefer, ca. 1940 m. Leg. F. Schumm & Hans-J. Maier 22.09.1974, det. F. Schumm 2019.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[3209], Schweiz, Davos, nordöstlich des Flüela Paß bei Tschuggen, Hanglage W-Exposition, Gneisschiefer, ca. 1940 m. Leg. F. Schumm & Hans-J. Maier 22.09.1974, det. F. Schumm 2019.


Cor Zonneveld
Trollstigen (Møre og Romsdal), Norway
22.07.2016
Source: https://corzonneveld.nl/fungi/lichens/Lecanoromycetes/Lecanorales/Parmeliaceae/Parmelia/pinnatifida.php



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[3209], Schweiz, Davos, nordöstlich des Flüela Paß bei Tschuggen, Hanglage W-Exposition, Gneisschiefer, ca. 1940 m. Leg. F. Schumm & Hans-J. Maier 22.09.1974, det. F. Schumm 2019.
at: atranorin, sa: salazinic acid, csa: consalazinic acid, li: lichesterinic acid, pl: protolichsterinic acid, a: gyrophoric acid ?, b: umbilicaric acid ?