ITALIC 8.0

Coniocarpon cuspidans (Nyl.) Moen, Frisch & Grube

in Frisch & al., MycoKeys, 62: 41, 2020.. Basionym: Arthonia cinnabarina f. cuspidans Nyl. - Flora, Regensburg, 59: 310, 1876.

Synonyms:

Distribution:

Description: Thallus crustose, endosubstratic or thinly episubstratic, sometimes evanescent, dirty orange, ochraceous or whitish, sometimes delimited by an orange-violet prothallus. Apothecia arthonioid, very variable in shape, from ellipsoid to weakly lirelliform, often confluent into stellate groups, 0.2-0.6 x 0.1-0.2 mm, with a dark reddish brown to brown-black, sometimes thinly white-pruinose disc, lacking an orange-red-pruina. Proper exciple poorly developed, brown, 7–20 μm wide, of 1-2 μm thick, vertically oriented, paraphysoid-like hyphae, hemiamyloid, with red or purple crystals soluble in K; epithecium yellowish brown, 10-20 μm high, with red or purple crystals soluble in K and K+ purple, composed of the branched tips of the paraphysoids extending horizontally above the asci; hymenium colourless to yellowish red, 40-50 μm high, K-, hemiamyloid, I+ red, K/I+ blue; paraphysoids 1-2 μm thick, conglutinated only in lower parts, the branched tips 3(-4) μm wide, extending horizontally above the asci; hypothecium poorly developed, 10-25 µm high, colourless to pale yellowish brown, hemiamyloid. Asci 8-spored, broadly clavate to subglobose, semi-fissitunicate, with a large apical dome and a distinct ocular chamber, approaching the Arthonia-type. Ascospores (2-)3(-4)-septate, hyaline turning pale brown-when overmature, oblong-ovoid, with a larger cell at one apex, (15-)16-18(-20) x (6-)7-8(-9) μm. Photobiont trentepohlioid. Spot tests: thallus K-, C-, KC-, P-. Chemistry: thallus without lichen substances; apothecia with different anthraquinones.

Note: similar to C. fallax, but apothecia epruinose and ascospores slightly smaller. Never reported from Italy, but probably previously identified as C. fallax.

Growth form: Crustose

Substrata: bark

Photobiont: Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model

Index Fungorum GBIF

Photo uploaded by P. Cannon CC BY-NC - Source: https://fungi.myspecies.info/all-fungi/coniocarpon-cuspidans

On bark of Corylus avellana. Collection from Skye, Scotland.

Photo uploaded by P. Cannon CC BY-NC - Source: https://fungi.myspecies.info/all-fungi/coniocarpon-cuspidans

thallus on unidentified bark, VC47 Montgomery [historical dried preserved specimen].

Photo uploaded by P. Cannon CC BY-NC - Source: https://fungi.myspecies.info/all-fungi/coniocarpon-cuspidans

thallus on unidentified bark, VC47 Montgomery [historical dried preserved specimen].