ITALIC 8.0

Biatora chrysantha (Zahlbr.) Printzen

in Wirth, Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk., A 517: 62, 1994. Basionym: Lecidea chrysantha Zahlbr. - Ann. Mycol., 19: 236, 1921.

Synonyms: Biatora epixanthoidiza auct. non (Nyl.) Räsänen; Biatora gyrophorica (Tønsberg) Coppins; Biatora vernalis var. incana (Ach. ex Sommerf.) Th. Fr.; Lecidea epixanthoidiza auct. non Nyl.; Lecidea gyrophorica Tønsberg; Lecidea incana Ach. ex Sommerf. non (L.) Ach.

Distribution: N - Frl (GZU-524975), Ven (Trevisan Lichenoth. Ven. 59: Printzen 1995, Thor & Nascimbene 2007), TAA (Nascimbene 2005, 2014, Nascimbene & al. 2006e, 2009, 2014, 2022, Trindade & al. 2021), Lomb (Herb. Nascimbene 1753), Piem (TSB 33239), Lig.

Description: Thallus crustose, episubstratic, grey-green to dark green, warted-areolate, the areoles usually convex, incised, almost subsquamulose, 0.1-0.25 mm wide, up to up to 750 μm thick in non-sorediate parts. Soralia yellowish green to pale green, paler than thallus, at first well-delimited and rounded, 0.25-0.7 mm across, but soon confluent and covering the central parts of thallus; soredia 15-30(-40) µm in diam., often forming larger consoredia (50-75 µm in diam). Cortex poorly developed, c. 10 µm thick. Apothecia rare, biatorine, rounded to irregular in outline, sessile with a constricted base, 0.4-1 mm across, with a pale pink to red-brown, epruinose, convex or tuberculate disc, and a thin, slightly paler, soon excluded proper margin. Proper exciple 50-95 μm wide laterally, 70-180 µm wide at base, of radiating, hyaline hyphae with 1.5-2.5 µm wide lumina; epithecium poorly differentiated from the hymenium; hymenium colourless, 40-55 µm high, C-; paraphyses simple, 1.5-2 µm thick at base, apically slightly swollen and 2-3 µm thick; subhymenium distinct, 50-85 µm high; hypothecium colourless or pale yellowish brown, up to 300 µm high. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical-clavate, with a K/I+ blue apical dome penetrated by a narrow, K/I- apical cushion surrounded by a narrow, deeply K/I+ blue zone, the wall K/I- but surrounded by a I+ red-brown and K/I+ blue outer layer, the ocular chamber small, Biatora-type. Ascospores 0(-1)-septate, hyaline, narrowly ellipsoid, (10-)12-16(-20) x (3-)4-6(-7) µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus and soralia K-, C+ red, KC+ red, P-. Chemistry: gyrophoric acid (major), lecanoric acid (accessory).

Note: on epiphytic bryophytes in humid forests, mostly in upland areas.

Growth form: Crustose

Substrata: bark

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: very rare

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: rare

Submediterranean belt: absent

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: absent

Humid mediterranean belt: absent

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

Index Fungorum GBIF

Curtis Randall Björk – CC BY-SA 4.0

British Columbia, Clearwater Valley Over moss on basalt boulder in mixed conifer-deciduous forest 2012-04-06

Jason Hollinger – Wikimedia Commons – CC BY-SA 2.0

SnakedenTrail, Smokies, Tennessee, 20110524, 21.05.2011.
Herbarium: Holotype