Biatora efflorescens (Hedl.) Räsänen

Biatora efflorescens (Hedl.) Räsänen

Lich. Fenn. Exs.: nr. 133, 1935. Basionym: Lecidea helvola f. efflorescens Hedl. - Bih. K. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., afd. 3, 18, 3: 61, 1892.

Synonyms: Biatora epixanthoidiza (Nyl.) Räsänen; Lecidea efflorescens (Hedl.) Erichsen; Lecidea epixanthoidiza Nyl.

Distribution: N - Frl, Ven (Nascimbene 2003b, 2014, Thor & Nascimbene 2007), TAA (Thor & Nascimbene 2007, Nascimbene & al. 2009, 2022, Nimis & al. 2015), Lomb (Alessio & al. 1995). C - Tosc (Benesperi & al. 2007).

Description: Thallus crustose, episubstratic, usually forming rounded to irregular patches up to a few cm in diameter, rimose-areolate or (rarely) continuous, sorediate, without a clear prothallus, the areoles discrete or contiguous, greyish or greyish green, up to 0.2 mm wide, flat to slightly convex, rounded, entire to incised, adnate. Soralia pale yellow to bright yellowish green (paler than thallus), laminal or marginal on the areoles, or originating in non-areolate parts of thallus, discrete to diffuse, often efflorescent, 0.2-0.5 mm across, more or less circular when young to irregular and confluent, often forming a leprose-sorediate, sometimes cracked crust; soredia 15-30(-40) μm in diam. Apothecia rather rare, biatorine, 0.3-0.6(-1) mm across, with a pale yellowish or pinkish brown, sometimes reddish or sordid brown, glossy, flat to strongly convex disc, and a slightly paler, finally excluded proper margin. Proper exciple colourless, 35-80(-110) μm wide; hymenium colourless, 30-65 µm high; subhymenium distinct, 50-70 µm high; hypothecium colourless, 20-120 µm high. Asci 8-spored, clavate, with a K/I+ blue apical dome penetrated by a narrow, K/I- apical cushion surrounded by a narrow, deeply K/I+ blue zone, the wall K/I- but surrounded by an I+ red-brown, K/I+ blue outer layer, the ocular chamber relatively small, Biatora-type. Ascospores (0-)1-septate, hyaline, narrowly ellipsoid, 9-18(-22) x 3-5 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus and soralia K-, C-, KC-, UV-; soralia P+ rapidly orange-red. Chemistry: argopsin (major), norargopsin.

Note: a probably holarctic lichen found on a wide variety of trees with smooth bark, sometimes overgrowing mosses, rarely on lignum, mostly in upland areas; certainly more widespread in the Alps.

Growth form: Crustose

Substrata: bark and lignum

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: rather rare

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: rare

Submediterranean belt: absent

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: absent

Humid mediterranean belt: absent

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php (Courtesy: Anita Stridvall)

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (21836)
2001/11/22
apothecia

Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0

Paneveggio, Reg. Trentino-Alto Adige Prov. Trento, Italy.

Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0

Paneveggio, Reg. Trentino-Alto Adige Prov. Trento, Italy.

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/

Courtesy: Anita Stridvall

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/

Courtesy: Anita Stridvall

Pier Luigi Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 38762

Pier Luigi Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 38762

Pier Luigi Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 38762

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04

TSB 36798

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04

TSB 25280

Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_B/Textes_B2/Biatora_efflorescens.htm

France, Barrage des Pradeaux, 1270 m
21/8/2016

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1163&lang=en

France, Cranou

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1163&lang=en

France, Cranou

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1163&lang=en

France, Cranou

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1163&lang=en

France, Cranou

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1163&lang=en

France, Cranou

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1163&lang=en

France, Cranou

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1163&lang=en

France, Cranou

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1163&lang=en

France, Cranou

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1163&lang=en

France, Cranou

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1163&lang=en

France, Cranou

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1163&lang=en

France, Cranou

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1163&lang=en

France, Cranou

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