ITALIC 8.0

Usnea flavocardia Räsänen

Rev. Univ. Santiago, 21: 139, 1936.

Synonyms:

Distribution: C - Sar (Nascimbene & al. 2021).

Description: Thallus fruticose-filamentous, pale yellowish green, sometimes with minute purple-red spots, shrubby, 3-4(-6) cm long, branching mainly anisotomic-dichotomously with divergent branches. Main branches cylindrical or irregular, 0.5-1.15 mm thick, greenish to yellowish brown at base, often with annular fissures bordered by white rings of medullary tissue. Lateral branches more or less constricted at attachment point. Papillae and tubercles rare to absent; fibrils more or less numerous, spinulose, 1-2 mm long, irregularly distributed. Soralia numerous, irregular, flat or slightly excavate, often confluent and covering the whole apex of lateral branches, occupying at least half the diameter of the branch, originating from the cortex, without isidiomorphs or with a few very short (<0.1 mm) isidiomorphs on young soralia only. Cortex thin (4-8% of total thickness), shiny in longitudinal section; medulla usually two-layered: compact close to cortex and lax around the axis, thick (23-35%), white below the cortex, usually pale yellow close to axis; central axis pale to intensively yellow, rather thin (19-37%). Apothecia usually absent. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests and chemistry: cortex K-, C-, KC-, P-, with usnic acid; medulla with 3 chemotypes: 1) K-, C-, KC-, P-, with fatty acids only, 2) K+ dull yellow turning reddish orange, C-, KC-, P+ deep orange, with norstictic acid and substances of the stictic acid complex, 3) K+ slowly yellowish to dull yellow, C-, KC-, P+ deep yellow, with psoromic acid (major, mainly in the soralia) and conpsoromic and salazinic acids (accessory). Chemotype 3) is by far the most frequent.

Note: a Mediterranean-Atlantic species (see Clerc 1984, as U. wirthii) growing on deciduous trees (e.g. Fagus, Quercus, Salix and Sorbus). In Europe it is known from France, Great Britain, Greece, Ireland, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain (Randlane & al. 2009), Switzerland (Clerc & Kissling 2019) and Germany (Otte 2011). The Italian specimen, from Sardinia, was collected in a montane, old-growth, unmanaged forest hosting several suboceanic and oceanic lichens such as Lobaria pulmonaria, Ricasolia amplissima, and R. virens.

Growth form: Fruticose filamentous

Substrata: bark

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)

Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: absent

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: extremely rare

Submediterranean belt: absent

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: absent

Humid mediterranean belt: absent

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

INDEX FUNGORUM GBIF

Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia

Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia

Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia

Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia

Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Usnea_flavocardia.htm

France, session AFL 2015 - Saint-Sozy - Lot

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Usnea_flavocardia.htm

France, session AFL 2015 - Saint-Sozy - Lot

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Usnea_flavocardia.htm

France, session AFL 2015 - Saint-Sozy - Lot

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Usnea_flavocardia.htm

France, session AFL 2015 - Saint-Sozy - Lot

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[ABL80129], Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Jateí, Parque Estadual das Várzeas do Rio Ivinhema, in marsh forest on tree bark. 22°54’ S, 53°40’ W, 230 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 80129), 26.09.2019, det. A. Aptroot, 2019.

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[ABL80129], Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Jateí, Parque Estadual das Várzeas do Rio Ivinhema, in marsh forest on tree bark. 22°54’ S, 53°40’ W, 230 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 80129), 26.09.2019, det. A. Aptroot, 2019.

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[ABL80129], Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Jateí, Parque Estadual das Várzeas do Rio Ivinhema, in marsh forest on tree bark. 22°54’ S, 53°40’ W, 230 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 80129), 26.09.2019, det. A. Aptroot, 2019.